Anesthesia Machine ppt – Flashcards

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FDA regulations
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Enforce the purity of medical gases
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DOT regulations
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Publish requirements for the manufacturing, marking, labeling, filling, qualification, transportation, storage, handling, maintenance, and disposition of medical gases
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DOL & OSHA regulations
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Regulate matters affecting the safety and health of employees
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Constructed of steel
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3AA cylinders
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Constructed of aluminum
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3AL cylinders
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PISS Air
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1 & 5
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PISS O2
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2 & 5
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PISS Nitrous Oxide
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3 & 5
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Full O2 E cylinder
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660 L, 1900 psi
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Full Nitrous Oxide E cylinder
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1590 L, 745 psi
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Full Air E cylinder
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625 L, 1900 psi
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How long is a cylinder good for
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5 years, 10 years if denoted by *
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Central pipeline reaches the machine at what pressure
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50-55 psi
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What are the basic components of the anesthesia workstation
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Gas inlet, pressure regulator, O2-pressure failure devices, flow-control valves & flowmeters, vaporizers, fresh gas outlet, spirometers, breathing circuit pressure guage, ventilator, scavenger, O2 analyzer
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At what pressures does the high pressure system recieve the gases
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45 - 2000 psi
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Parts of the high pressure system
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cylinders, hanger yoke, hanger yoke check valve, cylinder pressure regulator, cylinder pressure gauge
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What is the pressure if the intermediate pressure system
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30 - 50 psi
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Parts of the intermediate pressure system
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pipeline inlets and pressure gauges, ventilator power outlet accessory, O2 flush valve, supply failure alarm system, second stage pressure regulator, flowmeter valves
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What is the pressure of the low pressure system
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15 - 30 psi
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Parts of the low pressure system
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flowmeter tubes, vaporizers, temperature compensating bypass valve, common gas outlet
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What are the types of pressure relief devices on the cylinder and how do they function
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rupture disc: breaks off at high internal pressure and allows complete emptying fusible plug: metal yields or melts at a set external temperature and allows for complete emptying combination disc plug: sensitive to pressure and temperature spring loaded: lifts up at high pressures and allows escape of gases until pressure within the cylinder returns to normal
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Markings stamped into a cylinder include
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DOT number, materials used in manufacture, service pressure in psi, serial number, ID of purchaser and manufacturer, inital and re-test dates
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What does the hanger yoke check valve do
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prevents backflow into the cylinders
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Non-digital high pressure cylinder gauges are what type of gauge
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Bourdon gauge
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What is the purpose of the power outlet accessory
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To provide pressure to the ventilator
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What is the rate of flow from the O2 flush valve
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35 - 75 L/min
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At what pressure does the pressure sensor shut-off valve stop Nitrous Oxide flow
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< 25 psi
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At what pressure does the supply failure alarm sound
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< 28 psi
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What is the purpose of the second stage pressure regulator
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to decrease pressure to a constant 16 psi since pipeline pressures vary from 40-50 psi
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At what pressure does the O2 failure safety valve stop all gas flow
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20-22 psi
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Does the O2 failure safety valve prevent a hypoxic mixture
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no
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What is the purpose of the oxygen proportioning device
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to ensure Nitrous can only be used in the presence of Oxygen and helps prevent the delivery of low oxygen content to the pt
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What is the minimum FiO2 the oxygen proportioning device allows when Nitrous is being administered
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21-25%
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What are safety features of the flow control valves
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they are color and texture coded
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What is the tube of the flowmeter called
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Thorpe tube
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Are flowmeters interchangable
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no
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What determines the flow through the flowmeter
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the gas's viscosity at low laminar flows and the gas's density at high turbulent flows
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Is there constant flow of O2 through the flowmeter, even when its off
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yes, there is a flow of 50-150 ml/min through the flowmeter to ensure O2 is always delivered
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Describe the flow through a variable bypass vaporizer
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the fresh gas flow enters the vaporizer, depending on the concentration selected by concentration dial, some of the gas is directed through the gas chamber, the rest flows through the bypass, all gas reunites and leaves the vaporizer through the common gas outlet
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Define volatile agent
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an anesthetic agent that is a liquid at room temperature and evaporates easily for administration by inhalation
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What is heat of vaporization
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the number of calories required at a specific temperature to convert 1 g of liquid to vapor
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Are vaporizers agent specific
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yes
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What is the purpose of the vaporizer interlock
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to ensure only one vaporizer is turned on at a time, to ensure gas only enters the vaporizer that is turned on, to ensure that trace vapor output is minimized when the vaporizer is turned off, to lock the vaporizers into the gas circuit, ensuring they are seated correctly
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What happens if the vaporizers are filled with the incorrect agent
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if an agent with a higher vapor pressure is placed in a chamber designed for a lower vapor pressure, higher concentrations of agent is delivered, if an agent with a lower vapor pressure is placed in a chamber designed for a high vapor pressure, lower concentrations are delivered
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What are the features of the Tec 6 vaporizer
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calibrated specifically for Desflurane, electrically heated to ~39*C, pressurized to ~2 atm
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What are the components of a circle breathing system
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y-piece, unidirectional valves, fresh gas inlet, CO2 absorber, APL valve, reservoir bag, breathing tube, spirometer, O2 analyzer sensor, airway pressure gauge, respiratory gas sample port, PEEP valve, bag-vent select switch, airway pressure sensor,
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Where is the oxygen sensor located within the circle system
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distal to the common gas outlet, as proximal to the pt as possible
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What are the common CO2 absorbents
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Soda Lime, Baralyme, Amsorb
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What are the products of the CO2 absorbent's reactions
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heat, water, calcium carbonate
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How much can 100g of Soda Lime absorb
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26 L of CO2
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What mesh size are most CO2 absorbants
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4 or 8 mesh
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Can the granules of CO2 absorbant return to white after becoming exhasuted
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yes, the puple coloring may fade, but the absorbent is still exhausted and should not be used
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Which anesthetic is more likely to lead to the production of Compound A
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Sevoflurane
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What factors increase the risk of Compound A production
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FGF's <1 L/min, use of Baralyme, high absorbent temperatures, high concentrations of Sevo, drying out of absorbant, length of anesthetic,
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What factors increase the risk of CO production
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use of desflurane > enflurane> isoflurane, use of absorbents that have not been used in >24 hours, use of Baralyme, high absorbent temps, high concentrations of anesthetic gases, dried out absorbents, long anesthetic times,
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What must all anesthetic machines have in place when in use
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oxygen sensor
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T/F: All analyzer machines must have low-level alarms, which are active while the machine is on
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T: they are usually set to alarm at levels <21% +/- 2%
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What is the purpose of the spirometers
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to measure the pt's exhaled tidal volume
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What happens to the APL and reservoir bag when the switch is set to vent
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they are bypassed and the bellows replace their function
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At what pressure will the built-in pressure relief valve of the ventilator allow gas to escape
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65-80 cmH2O
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Within the ventilator, a spill valve closes during ___ so that positive pressure can be generates, and opens during ___ to prevent increased airway pressures
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inspiration, expiration
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What is the ideal airway pressure
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30-35 cmH2O
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T/F ascending bellows rise during inspiration
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F: they rise as the pt exhales
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T/F descending bellows drop when the pt exhales
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T
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How much pressure does the ascending bellows add to the breathing circuit
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2-4 cmH2O PEEP when the vent mode is activated
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What is the diameter of the scavenging hose
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19 or 30 mm
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What is the diameter of the breathing hose
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22 mm
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What is the maximum allowable limit of Nitrous
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25 ppm
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What is the maximal allowable limit of halogenated agents
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2 ppm
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What is the maximal allowable limit of Nitrous combined with halogenated agents
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0.5 ppm
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What is the difference between active and passive scavenging systems
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Active systems use vacuum to remove waste gases, Passive systems use the weight of the removed gases to dictate when they are removed
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