Anesthesia Machine ppt – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
FDA regulations
answer
Enforce the purity of medical gases
question
DOT regulations
answer
Publish requirements for the manufacturing, marking, labeling, filling, qualification, transportation, storage, handling, maintenance, and disposition of medical gases
question
DOL & OSHA regulations
answer
Regulate matters affecting the safety and health of employees
question
Constructed of steel
answer
3AA cylinders
question
Constructed of aluminum
answer
3AL cylinders
question
PISS Air
answer
1 & 5
question
PISS O2
answer
2 & 5
question
PISS Nitrous Oxide
answer
3 & 5
question
Full O2 E cylinder
answer
660 L, 1900 psi
question
Full Nitrous Oxide E cylinder
answer
1590 L, 745 psi
question
Full Air E cylinder
answer
625 L, 1900 psi
question
How long is a cylinder good for
answer
5 years, 10 years if denoted by *
question
Central pipeline reaches the machine at what pressure
answer
50-55 psi
question
What are the basic components of the anesthesia workstation
answer
Gas inlet, pressure regulator, O2-pressure failure devices, flow-control valves & flowmeters, vaporizers, fresh gas outlet, spirometers, breathing circuit pressure guage, ventilator, scavenger, O2 analyzer
question
At what pressures does the high pressure system recieve the gases
answer
45 - 2000 psi
question
Parts of the high pressure system
answer
cylinders, hanger yoke, hanger yoke check valve, cylinder pressure regulator, cylinder pressure gauge
question
What is the pressure if the intermediate pressure system
answer
30 - 50 psi
question
Parts of the intermediate pressure system
answer
pipeline inlets and pressure gauges, ventilator power outlet accessory, O2 flush valve, supply failure alarm system, second stage pressure regulator, flowmeter valves
question
What is the pressure of the low pressure system
answer
15 - 30 psi
question
Parts of the low pressure system
answer
flowmeter tubes, vaporizers, temperature compensating bypass valve, common gas outlet
question
What are the types of pressure relief devices on the cylinder and how do they function
answer
rupture disc: breaks off at high internal pressure and allows complete emptying fusible plug: metal yields or melts at a set external temperature and allows for complete emptying combination disc plug: sensitive to pressure and temperature spring loaded: lifts up at high pressures and allows escape of gases until pressure within the cylinder returns to normal
question
Markings stamped into a cylinder include
answer
DOT number, materials used in manufacture, service pressure in psi, serial number, ID of purchaser and manufacturer, inital and re-test dates
question
What does the hanger yoke check valve do
answer
prevents backflow into the cylinders
question
Non-digital high pressure cylinder gauges are what type of gauge
answer
Bourdon gauge
question
What is the purpose of the power outlet accessory
answer
To provide pressure to the ventilator
question
What is the rate of flow from the O2 flush valve
answer
35 - 75 L/min
question
At what pressure does the pressure sensor shut-off valve stop Nitrous Oxide flow
answer
< 25 psi
question
At what pressure does the supply failure alarm sound
answer
< 28 psi
question
What is the purpose of the second stage pressure regulator
answer
to decrease pressure to a constant 16 psi since pipeline pressures vary from 40-50 psi
question
At what pressure does the O2 failure safety valve stop all gas flow
answer
20-22 psi
question
Does the O2 failure safety valve prevent a hypoxic mixture
answer
no
question
What is the purpose of the oxygen proportioning device
answer
to ensure Nitrous can only be used in the presence of Oxygen and helps prevent the delivery of low oxygen content to the pt
question
What is the minimum FiO2 the oxygen proportioning device allows when Nitrous is being administered
answer
21-25%
question
What are safety features of the flow control valves
answer
they are color and texture coded
question
What is the tube of the flowmeter called
answer
Thorpe tube
question
Are flowmeters interchangable
answer
no
question
What determines the flow through the flowmeter
answer
the gas's viscosity at low laminar flows and the gas's density at high turbulent flows
question
Is there constant flow of O2 through the flowmeter, even when its off
answer
yes, there is a flow of 50-150 ml/min through the flowmeter to ensure O2 is always delivered
question
Describe the flow through a variable bypass vaporizer
answer
the fresh gas flow enters the vaporizer, depending on the concentration selected by concentration dial, some of the gas is directed through the gas chamber, the rest flows through the bypass, all gas reunites and leaves the vaporizer through the common gas outlet
question
Define volatile agent
answer
an anesthetic agent that is a liquid at room temperature and evaporates easily for administration by inhalation
question
What is heat of vaporization
answer
the number of calories required at a specific temperature to convert 1 g of liquid to vapor
question
Are vaporizers agent specific
answer
yes
question
What is the purpose of the vaporizer interlock
answer
to ensure only one vaporizer is turned on at a time, to ensure gas only enters the vaporizer that is turned on, to ensure that trace vapor output is minimized when the vaporizer is turned off, to lock the vaporizers into the gas circuit, ensuring they are seated correctly
question
What happens if the vaporizers are filled with the incorrect agent
answer
if an agent with a higher vapor pressure is placed in a chamber designed for a lower vapor pressure, higher concentrations of agent is delivered, if an agent with a lower vapor pressure is placed in a chamber designed for a high vapor pressure, lower concentrations are delivered
question
What are the features of the Tec 6 vaporizer
answer
calibrated specifically for Desflurane, electrically heated to ~39*C, pressurized to ~2 atm
question
What are the components of a circle breathing system
answer
y-piece, unidirectional valves, fresh gas inlet, CO2 absorber, APL valve, reservoir bag, breathing tube, spirometer, O2 analyzer sensor, airway pressure gauge, respiratory gas sample port, PEEP valve, bag-vent select switch, airway pressure sensor,
question
Where is the oxygen sensor located within the circle system
answer
distal to the common gas outlet, as proximal to the pt as possible
question
What are the common CO2 absorbents
answer
Soda Lime, Baralyme, Amsorb
question
What are the products of the CO2 absorbent's reactions
answer
heat, water, calcium carbonate
question
How much can 100g of Soda Lime absorb
answer
26 L of CO2
question
What mesh size are most CO2 absorbants
answer
4 or 8 mesh
question
Can the granules of CO2 absorbant return to white after becoming exhasuted
answer
yes, the puple coloring may fade, but the absorbent is still exhausted and should not be used
question
Which anesthetic is more likely to lead to the production of Compound A
answer
Sevoflurane
question
What factors increase the risk of Compound A production
answer
FGF's <1 L/min, use of Baralyme, high absorbent temperatures, high concentrations of Sevo, drying out of absorbant, length of anesthetic,
question
What factors increase the risk of CO production
answer
use of desflurane > enflurane> isoflurane, use of absorbents that have not been used in >24 hours, use of Baralyme, high absorbent temps, high concentrations of anesthetic gases, dried out absorbents, long anesthetic times,
question
What must all anesthetic machines have in place when in use
answer
oxygen sensor
question
T/F: All analyzer machines must have low-level alarms, which are active while the machine is on
answer
T: they are usually set to alarm at levels <21% +/- 2%
question
What is the purpose of the spirometers
answer
to measure the pt's exhaled tidal volume
question
What happens to the APL and reservoir bag when the switch is set to vent
answer
they are bypassed and the bellows replace their function
question
At what pressure will the built-in pressure relief valve of the ventilator allow gas to escape
answer
65-80 cmH2O
question
Within the ventilator, a spill valve closes during ___ so that positive pressure can be generates, and opens during ___ to prevent increased airway pressures
answer
inspiration, expiration
question
What is the ideal airway pressure
answer
30-35 cmH2O
question
T/F ascending bellows rise during inspiration
answer
F: they rise as the pt exhales
question
T/F descending bellows drop when the pt exhales
answer
T
question
How much pressure does the ascending bellows add to the breathing circuit
answer
2-4 cmH2O PEEP when the vent mode is activated
question
What is the diameter of the scavenging hose
answer
19 or 30 mm
question
What is the diameter of the breathing hose
answer
22 mm
question
What is the maximum allowable limit of Nitrous
answer
25 ppm
question
What is the maximal allowable limit of halogenated agents
answer
2 ppm
question
What is the maximal allowable limit of Nitrous combined with halogenated agents
answer
0.5 ppm
question
What is the difference between active and passive scavenging systems
answer
Active systems use vacuum to remove waste gases, Passive systems use the weight of the removed gases to dictate when they are removed
