Anesthesia-Exam and quiz questions – Flashcards
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The specific stage of general anesthesia with sufficient analgesia and muscle relaxation
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Surgical anesthesia
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The best anesthesia
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Balanced anesthesia
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Minimally or unaware of surroundings
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Sedation
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Aware of surroundings but unconcerned
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Tranquilization
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A 1% solution is how many mg/ml?
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Answer: 10 mg/ml 1g/100ml=1000mg/100ml=10mg/1ml
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A 1:1000 ratio concentration is how many mg/ml?
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Answer: 1 mg/ml 1:1000=1g/1000ml=1000mg/1000ml=1mg/1ml
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How many hours prior to induction of anesthesia should food be withheld from small animals (cats and dogs)?
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12 hours
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When are atropine and glycopyrrolate included in a preanesthetic regimen?
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In small dogs and cats when bradycardia or excessive salivation are anticipated
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You are evaluating a patient's LOC and find the patient in a sleeplike state, nonresponsive to a verbal stimulus but arousable by a painful stimulus. This patient is:
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Stuporous
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The delivery rate of a microdrip administration set is:
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60 gtt/mL
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A 25% solution of sulfamethazine contains how many milligrams (mg) of sulfamethazine per milliliter (mL)?
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Answer: 250 mg/mL 25%=25g/100ml=25000mg/100ml=250mg/1ml
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An animal's endotracheal tube may be removed once the _________________ reflex returns.
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Cough/swallow
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One advantage to using __________ or __________ is that their effects can be reversed by administration of a specific reversal agent.
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Opioids; alpha2-adrenergic agonists
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Induction is best defined as:
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The administration of an anesthetic agent that provides a rapid transition from consciousness to unconsciousness
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A tranquilizer not to be used in dogs that have a history of seizures.
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Ace Promazine
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A tranquilizer that is used to treat seizures.
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Diazepam (Valium)
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A dissociative agent that is often used in "anesthesia cocktails". It can be mixed with Diazepam.
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Ketamine
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A reversal agent (antagonist) called Antisedan can be used for this drug.
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Alpha-2 Agonists
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What would probably be the best size endotracheal tube for a 64 pound Schnauzer?
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12 mm
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True or False? With most injectable and inhalant anesthetics, there is generally a progressive depression of cardiovascular and respiratory function as the depth of anesthesia increases.
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True
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The minimum acceptable heart rate for an anesthetized large breed dog is _____ bpm.
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60 bpm
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Pulse oximetry allows accurate estimation of what?
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Percent saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen
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Which reflex is most commonly present in the medium plane of anesthesia (surgical plane)?
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Corneal reflex
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What is an indicator (on the anesthesia machine) that the endotracheal tube has been placed in the esophagus instead of the trachea?
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The unidirectional valves don't move.
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The term atelectasis refers to:
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Collapsed alveoli
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After an anesthetic procedure, when is it best to extubate a dog?
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When the animal begins to swallow
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What anesthesia protocol would result in the fastest induction time and the best control over the anesthetic depth?
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IV induction with an ultra-short-acting agent, and maintenance with an inhalant.
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Blood loss during surgery can lead to _____________ and ______________.
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Prolonged CRT and Pale MMB
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Agonal breathing occurs after what?
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Cardiac arrest
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What are the ABC's of CPCR?
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A=Airway B=Breathing C=Circulation D=Drugs E=ECG
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Which of the ABC steps of CPCR is the most important?
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C=Circulation
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Definition of Perception
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Pain impulses are processed in the brain.
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Definition of Modulation
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Pain impulses are amplified or suppressed.
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Definition of Transduction
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Noxious stimuli are converted into electrical signals called action potentials.
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Definition of Transmission
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Sensory impulses are conducted to the spinal cord.
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Pathologic pain is defined as...
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Pain that is caused by tissue injury.
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At high doses, opioids can cause excitement in:
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cats.
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Common side effects of opioids in dogs include:
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Panting, respiratory depression, and bradycardia
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The analgesic effect of NSAIDs is due to what?
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The inhibition of cyclooxygenase
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True of False? It is okay to use tranquilizers alone for postoperative pain control.
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False
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What is the main stimulus to breathe in a healthy awake animal?
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Excess carbon dioxide concentration in the blood
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True or False? IV sedation is virtually impossible in healthy pigs.
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True
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Of all the phases of anesthesia, what phase poses the highest risk to a horse and is the phase over which the anesthetist has the least control?
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The recovery phase
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Why is appropriate positioning and padding of the horse on the surgery table essential?
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To prevent myopathies and neuropathies
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What is the most common acid-base abnormality in anesthetized patients?
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Respiratory acidosis
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True or False? When small rodents are anesthetized with injectable anesthetics, it is not necessary to administer oxygen because most anesthetics stimulate respiration.
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False
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How often should a test for low-pressure leaks be conducted on an anesthesia machine?
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Each day that the machine is used.
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Why should the head of an anesthetized ruminant be positioned with the pharynx higher than the mouth?
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Because this helps to prevent aspiration
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The term balanced anesthesia refers to what?
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The administration of multiple drugs concurrently given in smaller quantities than would be required if each were given alone.
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The loss of sensation in a small area of the body:
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Local anesthesia
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The loss of sensation in a part of the body from administration of anesthetic in proximity to sensory nerves:
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Regional anesthesia
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The pressure in a full canister of oxygen is ________ psi.
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2200 psi
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When should soda lime granules in the CO2 absorber canister be checked for color change?
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During and on completion of the procedure
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What piece of equipment facilitates intubating a patient?
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A Laryngoscope
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This drug can be given underneath the tongue to puppies and kittens delivered by C-section that have reduced respiratory function.
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Doxapram
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Which Anesthetic Risk Category would a patient with mild systemic disease be placed in? (Ex. neonatal, geriatric, or obese patients)
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P2
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Induction is best defined as:
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The administration of an anesthetic agent that provides a rapid transition from consciousness to unconsciousness
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This route of administration has the fastest onset and shortest duration.
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IV
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True or False? Adverse effects are very common with Opioid Antagonists.
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False
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This injectable anesthetic has a milky appearance and is given IV to effect.
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Propofol
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An adverse effect that is common with isoflurane is:
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Depression of respiration
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Which inhalant had the lowest blood-gas partition coefficient?
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Sevoflurane
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As a rough guideline, to safely maintain a surgical plane of anesthesia, the vaporizer should be set at about:
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1.5 x MAC
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This drug will precipitate out when mixed with other drugs or solutions.
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Diazepam
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Where is the scavenging system generally attached to?
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The pop-off valve
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What indicates the amount of oxygen an animal is receiving?
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The flow meter
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What factors may affect the speed of anesthetic induction with a volatile gaseous anesthetic?
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Partition coefficient of the agent and the vaporizer setting
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True or False? Naloxone is a commonly used agonist opioid.
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False
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What opioid category defines an agent that binds to both mu and kappa receptors, but only stimulates the kappa receptors?
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Agonist-Antagonists
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the parts of the VOC rebreathing anesthesia machine in order
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Oxygen Tank--Tank Pressure Gauge--Yoke--Pressure Reducing Valve--Line Pressure Gauge--Flowmeter--Vaporizer Inlet Port--Vaporizer--Vaporizer Outlet Port--Fresh Gas Inlet--Inhalation Unidirectional Valve--Inhalation Tube--Patient--Exhalation Tube--Exhalation Unidirectional Valve--Co2 absorber canister--Pressure Manometer--Reservoir Bag--Pop-off valve--Scavenger System
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_________ is a colloid solution.
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Hetastarch
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It would be most appropriate to use a 3 Liter Reservoir Bag on the anesthesia machine for patients weighing ______________ lbs.
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90-120 lbs
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Severe bradycardia after the use of medetomidine should be treated with the following drug:
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Atipamezole
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The lower the _____________, the more potent the anesthetic agent and the lower the vaporizer setting.
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Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC)
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The terms "circle systems" or "circuit systems" is used in reference to:
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rebreathing systems employed in inhalation anesthesia
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A dog has stopped breathing after administration of Pentothal. Mucous membrane profusion and color are normal, and the heart rate is 120 beats per minute. What should you do?
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Breath for the animal 2-3 times per minute until the animal starts to breathe on its own
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The analgesic effect of opioids is due to their:
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Interaction with specific opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord
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The analgesic effect of NSAIDs is due to their:
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Inhibition of cyclooxygenase
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The analgesic effect of Alpha-2 medications is due to their:
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Interaction with alpha2 receptors in the central nervous system
