Ancient and Medieval History: Exam – Flashcards
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Delian League
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Athens=leader=military force
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The Peloponnesian War
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Sparta made Athens surrender; Athenians subjected insubordinate communities to severe punishments; divided and weakened Greek poleis
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Trojan War
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Helen-Taken to Troy
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Achilles
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greatest Greek warrior; best friend Patroklus
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Agammemnon
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in charge of Greek troops
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Hektor
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gets killed by Achilles
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Lycurgus
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gave laws and prosperity to Sparta
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timé
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Greek word for honor
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Kleos
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fame
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Oligarchy
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ruled by a few nobles
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Primogeniture
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oldest son gets land
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Ai Khanum
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Greek language and culture
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Sappho
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poet; invited young women into home to teach literature; homosexual
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phalanx
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war/formation of Sparta fighting
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Draco
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gave Athenians a written set of laws; death penalty for stealing; poor couldn't be in military; said it was okay to inslave people of a lower class
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Gilgamesh
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a legendary Sumerian king who was the hero of an epic collection of mythic stories; divine; fought Enkidu until they both became friends; principal vehicles for Mespotamian values
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Enkidu
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example of the affects of civilization; ran with the wild beasts, but slept with a woman and anointed himself with oil and became human; fought Gilgamesh and became friends;
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Ziggurat
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distinctive pyramids
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Sargon of Akkad
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organized a group and conquered Sumerian city-states; ruled by taking his army and visiting cities-led to revolts because cities had to provide food and lodging for the army
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Hammurabi
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ruled from Babylon; developed a more efficient and predictable government; made the most extensive and complete law code
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Civilization
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included a ceremonial center, writing, and cities
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Egypt
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most prominent of African societies
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Menes
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founded city of Memphis
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Largest Egyptian pyramid
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Khufu
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Hieroglyphic writing
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writing in Egypt; Pictographs-Hieroglyphs-Hieratic-Greek Alphabet-Alphabetic Scribes
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Amon and Re
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sun gods
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Pharoah Akhenaten
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had Amon, Re, and other son gods chisld out; earliest expression of monotheism; after his death Amon and Re were eliminated
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Shekel
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grain
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Ma'at
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order/balance/justice/law
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Thutmose I
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Father of Hatshepsut
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Hatshepsut
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loves Thutmose II; regent for her stepson Thutmose III; wouldn't let him rulw
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Thutmose II
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loves Hatshepsut; son= Thutmose III;
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Thutmose III
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has Hatshepsut's name erased
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Amenhotep
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AKA akhenaten; monotheist; Aten=sun
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Tutankamun
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teenager; gets nominated because priests get what they want
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Abraham
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first Jewish person; forms a covenant with God; he gets descendants,land, and chosen God gets: naming rights,circumcision, and obedience
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Silt
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made agricultural society possible
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King Yu
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dredged the Yellow River;
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Loess
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powder-like soil deposited on the plains of northern China
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Mandate of Heaven
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ruler=link between heaven and earth; natural disasters-emperors overthrown
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Period of Warring States
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The period in Chinese history (403-221 BCE) in which many different states emerged and were fighting for control of China.
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King Yu
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invented sails
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Veneration of Ancestors
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spirits had the power to protect families if descendants displayed respect; family could prosper if everyone worked toward a common interest
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Wang Yirong
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decoded turtle shells
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Pyramid of the sun
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largest structure in Mesoamerica
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Concubine
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official mistress
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gerontacracy
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ruled by old people
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Henrich Schliemann
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believed in Trojan Wa; uncovered Troy;
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Minos
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legendary king of Crete
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Linear A
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written symbols stood for syllables; adopted by Myceneans
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Helots
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Spartan servants
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Polis
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city-state
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Solon
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allows the aristocrats to keep land; cancelled the debt of the poor; left Athens for 10 years after he made laws;
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Pericles
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provided work for construction
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Alexander of Macedon
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toppled the Achaemerid Empire; feasting and drinking=died at the age of 33; put Greeks all over his empire-spread Greek culture; burned Thebes; had problems combiningEasten and Western views
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Darius
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sent an army to attack Athens
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Xerxes
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Darius' successor dispatched ships
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Pesistratos
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faked assassination; got a little army; ruled from the Akropolis; got kicked out of Athens; got an army-attacked Athens; Tyrant-gets power; sons=Hippias and Hipparchas
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Tyrant
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one who gets power by illegal means
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Hippias
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isn't well liked; Athenians wanted to overthrow him; Athenians went to Sparta-overthrew Hippias
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Hipparchas
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fell in love with Harmodius who was in love with Aristogition; was killed
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Isagorus
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Spartan dictator
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Kleisthenes
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divided Athens into 10 tribes; created ostracism and a jury; created a police force of slaves
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Cyrus
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united Lydia, Persia, and Media; Damned Babylon; his son conquered Egypt
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Darius
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Cyrus's grandson; had to keep the empire together; split empire into 20 satrapies; has to teach Athens a lesson
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Zoroastrianism
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Profits; god vs evil; end of the world; heaven and torment
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Aristogorus
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ruled Miletus; Persian; decided to revolt against the Persians; Persians beat the Athenians
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Miltiades
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launched attack on Persians at the battle of Marathon
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Thermistokles
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prominent politician; proposes that Athens build 200 Triremes; goes to oracle at Delphi; oracle says to make a wall made of wood=boats; orders everyone to evacuate Athens and goes to Salamis-surrounded by navy; most powerful person after the Persian Wars; gets ostracized
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Triremes
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boats rowed by lowest class
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Isthmus
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narrow area between two bodies of water
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Peloponnesian League
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Sparta and its allies
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Alcibiades
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eliminated political rivals through ostracism; when he left during for the Sicilian Expedition he was accused of vandalism; flees to Sparta
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Socrates
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posed questions that encouraged reflection; condemned to death; forced to drink hemlock
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Plato
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we live in a world of an imperfect reflection of Forms and Ideas; philosophers should rule as kings
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Aristotle
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philosophers should rely on their senses to provide accurate info about the world and then depend on reason to sort out its mysteries
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Sophists
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crappy tudors/philospohers
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Philip of Macedon
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brought Greece under his control
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Paul of Tarsus
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sought Christian converts in Jewish community
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Epicureans
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sought long term pleasure
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Stoics
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don't get attached to things-avoiding pain
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Consuls
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master of all public affairs; 2 of these; served for 1 year
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Senate
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manages money
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Dictator
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absolute power for 6 months
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tribune
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protected the plebeians; could veto any laws
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Latifundia
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farms
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Hannibal
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attacked Saguntum in Spain; took an army full of elephants through the Alps; returned to Carthage; fleed to the black sea and poisoned himself
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Scipio Africanus
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attacked Carthage causing Hannibal to return to Carthage
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Tiberias Gracchus
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tribune; proposed Lex Agraria; made the Roman government enforce the land law; ran again again or he could have gotten assassinated
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Julius Caesar
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Roman general and dictator. He was murdered by a group of senators and his former friend Brutus who hoped to restore the normal running of the republic.
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Octavian
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Augustus' adopted son
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Gaius Gracchus
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wanted the grain price to be low; supplied military equipment; committed suicide
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Marius
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the germans attacked and he was made consul; germans defeated but he was elected again; fights war with Sulla; but loses because he is killed
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Optimates
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sulla+wealthy; tried to reverse Marius
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Populares
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want to give power to ordinary people
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Sulla
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dictator for 2 years; undoes reforms
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Spartacus
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gladiator that led a slave revolt
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First Triumvirate
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Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar; Pompey:land Caesar:consul Crassus:tax farmer
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Crassus
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decided to take over Persia to prove that he's a good emperor; destroyed by the Persians
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Caesar
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crosses the rubicon with his army; Pompey goes to greece to get his army; Caesar defeats his army- Pompey runs to Egypt; he is killed my Cleopatra
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Pompey
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goes to Greece to get his army; his army is defeated by Caesar; runs to Egypt but is killed by Cleopatra
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Lepidus, Antony, and Ocatvian
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The Second Triumvirate
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Lepidus
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killed when he tries to attack Sicily
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Octavian
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allowed people to "perceive" the republic; gave food out to the poor; fought antony and Cleopatra; both committed suicude
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Praetorian Guard
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army outside of Rome controlled by Octavian
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Antony
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fought Octavian with Cleopatra; both committed suicide
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The Paterfanilias
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male=head of the family
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Pharisees
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jewish leaders
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Gospels
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written after Jesus' death; inspired by god
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Canon
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a group of books about Jesus that is accepted as true
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Claudius
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faked mental retardation; took over England; married Agrippina; posioned Claudius
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Nero
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killed Agrippina; killed second wife; married a male slave and dressed as the bride
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St. Augustine
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bishop of Hippo; worked to articulate Christianity to the educated classes
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Trajan
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led the last major Roman expansion
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Hadrian
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built a wall across England-Rome was on the defensive
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Auxilaries
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hired troops that weren't Roman
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Diocletian
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Divided Rome into 2 halves; had an emperor and a coemperor "Augustus" + "Caesar"; chose the eastern half of the empire; Persecuted Christians
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Constantine
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reunites Roman empire;moves capital to the East=Constantinople; passed the Edict of Milan
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The Edict of Milan
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you're allowed to practice whatever religion you want
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Theodosius
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says Christianity is the only religion you can practice
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Visigoths
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asked to be accepted into the Roman empire
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Odoacer
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Germanic person who took over Western Europe
