Ancient and Medieval History Chapter 10 – Flashcards
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Muhammad
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Gabriel brings this man a message and he becomes a prophet. He is chased out of Mecca by the people, but comes back with an army and conquers them. He is the founder of Islam.
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Gabriel
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The angel that delivers vision to Muhammad
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Mecca
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Home to kaaba and the Footsteps of Abraham, as well as the Zamzam Well
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Bedouins
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desert-dwellers, descended from Nomads who inhabited the Arabian and Syrian deserts.
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kaaba
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holiest place for Muslims, 40 ft tall, built by Abraham around 1860BC
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hijrah
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Muhammad's flight from persecution to the city Yathrib
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Five Pillars
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No God but Allah, Fast during Ramadan, Salat, Hajj, and giving alms (2.5%)
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salat
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pray 5x a day towards Mecca
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alms
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giving taxes to the mosques every year (2.5%)
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Ramadam
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Muslims fast and end their fasts with a date.
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Sunna
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guide to proper living
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shari'a
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body of law
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Sunni
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believed anyone who believes in Muhammad's teachings could be caliph
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Sufi
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poverty
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Shiite
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only relatives of Muhammad are caliph
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Qur'an
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Sacred book of Islam, "recitation"
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minaret
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tower of a mosque where Muslims are called to pray.
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mihrab
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points to direction of Mecca
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Rightly-Guided Caliphs
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first four caliphs after Muhammad; Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali.
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Abu-Bakr
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First caliph after Muhammad, goal was to spread Islam through conquest
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Umayyads
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Ali murdered, Mua-Wiya begins this dynasty. Capital to Damascus, Hereditary succession, Emphasis on wealth
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Abbasids
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organized against the Umayyads. Kill everyone except Al-Rahman, who escapes and sets up Islamic capital Cordoba in Spain. Known for moving capital to Baghdad, trade networks, arts/learning
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Al-Rahman
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Escapes to Spain, sets up Islamic capital Cordoba in Spain
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Footprints of Abraham
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Where Abraham held his son up during construction of kaaba
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ZamZam Well
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accidentally discovered by Abraham's son when he kicks some sand and finds water underground.
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House of Wisdom
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Huge institution in Baghdad. Founded by the Abbasids, anyone could study here.
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Al-Razi
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founded first hospital
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calligraphy
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fancy writing
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Islamic View of Art
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horse-shoe arches, made geometric art
