Anatomy 4 Lesson The Study of Joints – Flashcards
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Types of joints based on structure
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Fibrous Joints Cartilaginous Joints Synovial Joints
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Fibrous Joints
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bones joined by fibrous connective tissue, no joint cavity, amount of movement depends on lnegth of tissue, short tissue= no movement, long tissue = a little movement
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Types of fibrous joints
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suture, syndesmosis, gamphosis
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suture joints
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bones are held together by short fibers (synarthrotic), found between the bones of the skull
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syndesmosis
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ligaments hold the bones together, variation in size of tissue determines how much movement you have, can be classified as either synarthrotic or amphithrotic (distal tibiofibular joint)
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gamphosis
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peg in socket joint (only example is jaw bones)
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cartilaginous joint
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bones joined by cartilage, no joint cavity
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types of cartilaginous joints
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synchondrosis symphysis
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synchondrosis
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bar or plate of hyaline cartilage joins bones, synarthrotic (epiphyseal plate)
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symphysis
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a pad or plate of fibrocartilage between the bones, amphithrotic, the fibrocartilage that acts as a shock absorber (pubic symphysis and between bodies of vertebrae)
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Synovial joint
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articulating bones are separated by a fluid containing joint cavity (glen humeral joint or shoulder joint), all synovial joints are diarthrotic and most joints in your body are synovial
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Features of synovial joint
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articular cartilage, synovial or joint cavity, articular capsule, synovial fluid, reinforcing ligaments
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articular cartilage
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can be found on the ends of bones, covers opposing bone surfaces, hyaline cartilage, helps with rubbing between bones
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Articular capsule
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2parts (makes up the walls of the cavity) Fibrous Capsule (outer potion, very thick, helps to hold bones together) Synovial Membrane (inner portion, delicate, produces the synovial fluid)
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synovial fluid
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found inside cavity, very viscous and thick, helps to reduce friction between bones, acts as a lubricant)
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Types of synovial joints
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plane, hinge, condyloid, pivot, saddle, ball-in-socket
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Plane joint
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simplest synovial joint, two flat articulating surfaces glide over top of one another (translation) *intercarpal joints and intertarsal joint, vertebral column*
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Hinge
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cyllincal projection of one bone fitting into trope like of another (elbow joint and interphalangeal joint* allows flexion and extension in one axial plane
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Pivot joint
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rounded end of one bone protruding into a sling or ring composed of another bone or ligament, rotational movement (Proximal radio ulna joint)
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atlantoaxial joint
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between atlas (C1 vertebra) and axis (C2 vertebra), allows you to perform the no movement with your head
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condyloid joint
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the oval articular surface of one bone fitting into the depression of another (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction) *wrist joint, metacarpal phalangeal joints metatarsal phalangeal joints*
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Saddle joints
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similar to a condyloid joint but with a greater freedom of movement, both articular surfaces have convex and concave portion, opposing (carpal metacarpal joints of your thumbs) (opposition, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction)
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ball-in-socket joint
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where you see spherical end of one bone fitting into cup like socket of another, most freely moveable from all synovial joints, universal movements (shoulder joints, and hip joints
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synarthrotic joint
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immovable joint
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amhitrotic joint
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slight movement
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diarthrotic
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freely movable joine
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pubic symphysis
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symphysis joint, cartilaginous joint, amphithrotic
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hip joint
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between hip bone and femur, synovial joint, ball and socket, most freely moveable
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Knee (tibiofemoral joint)
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between condyle of femur and condyles of tibia, synovial joint, modified hinge joint, flexion and extension
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Femoropatellar joint
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between femur and patella, synovial joint, plane joint
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Tibiofibular joint (proximal
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synovial, plane
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Tibiofibular joint (distal)
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fibrous joint, syndesmosis, synarthrotic
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ankle joint
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between distal end of tibia and fibula and talus, synovial, hinge, dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
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intertarsal joints
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between tarsals, synovial, plane , gliding between bones allows for inversion and eversion (especially between calcaneus and talus) ,
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Tasrometatarsal joints
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between tarsals and metatarsals, synovial, plane
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Metatarsal phalangeal joint
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between metatarsal and proximal phalanx, synovial, condyloid, flexion and extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
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Toe (interphalangeal)
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between phalange's, synovial, hinge joint, flexion and extension
