America’s History 8th Edition Henretta Chapter 16 Key Terms – Flashcards
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Transcontinental Railroad
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The railway line that connected the Central Pacific and Union Pacific lines.
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Protective Tariff
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A tax or duty on foreign producers of goods coming into or imported into the United States.
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Treaty of Kanagawa
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Treaty that allowed American ships to refuel at 2 ports in Japan.
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Burlingame Treaty
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Treaty that guaranteed the rights of US missionaries in China and set official terms for the emigration of Chinese laborers to work in the US.
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Munn v. Illinois
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Case that affirmed that states could regulate key businesses if those businesses were "clothed in the public interest."
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gold standard
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Practice of backing a country's currency with its reserve of gold.
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Crime of 1873
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Term for an 1873 Law directing the US Treasury to cease minting silver dollars, retire Civil War-era greenbacks, and replace them with notes backed by the gold standard from an expanded system of national banks.
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Homestead Act
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1862 act that gave 160 acres of free western land to any applicant who occupied and improved the property.
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Morill Act
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An 1862 act that set aside 140 million federal acres that states could sell to raise money for public universities.
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Land-grant Colleges
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Public universities founded to broaden educational opportunities and foster technical and scientific expertise.
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Comstock Lode
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Immense silver ore deposit in Nevada that touched off a mining rush, bringing a diverse population into the region and the establishment of boom towns.
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Long Drive
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System by which cowboys herded cattle hundreds of miles north from Texas to Dodge City and the other cow towns of Kansas.
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"rain follow the plow"
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theory that setlement of the Great plains caused an increase in rainfall.
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Exodusters
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African Americans who walked or rode out of the Deep South following the Civil War.
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Yellowstone National Park
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The US 1st national Park.
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US Fisheries Commission
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A federal bureau est. in 1871 that made recommendations to stem the decline in wild fish.
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Sand Creek massacre
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Massacre of more than a hundred peaceful Cheyennes, largely women and children.
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Fetterman Massacre
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Massacre in which 1500 Sioux warriors lured Captain William Fetterman and 80 soldiers from a Wyoming fort and attacked them
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Lone wolf v. Hitchcock
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ruling that congress could make whatever Indian Policies it chose, ignoring all existing treaties.
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Dawes Severalty Act
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Law that gave Native Americans Severalty by dividing homesteads into homesteads.
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Battle of Little Big Horn
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1876 battle began when American cavalry attacked an encampment of Sioux, Arapaho, and Cheyenne Indians who resisted removal to a reservation.
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Ghost Dance Movement
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Religion that combined elements of Christianity and traditional Native American religion.
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Wounded Knee
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Massacre of Sioux Indians by American cavalry at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota.
