American Literature I Test Answers – Flashcards
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Christopher Columbus
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Letter to Luis de Santangel Regarding the First Voyage Letter to Ferdinand and Isabella Regarding the Fourth Voyage
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Letter to Luis de Santangel Regarding the First Voyage
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Christopher Columbus February 15, 1493
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Letter to Ferdinand and Isabelle Regarding the Fourth Voyage
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Christopher Columbus July 7, 1503
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Bartolome de Las Casas
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The Very Brief Relation of the Devastation of the Indies (from Hispaniola, from the Coast of Pearls, Paria, and the Island of Trinidad)
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The Very Brief Relation of the Devastation of the Indies (from Hispaniola, from the Coast of Pearls, Paria, and the Island of Trinidad)
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Bartolome de Las Casas 1542-46
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Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
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The Relation of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca (Dedication; The Malhado Way of Life; Our Life Among the Avavares and Arbadaos; Pushing On; Customs of That Region; The First Confrontation; The Falling Out with Our Countrymen)
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The Relation of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
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Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca 1536-404
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John Winthrop
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A Model of Christian Charity The Journal of John Winthrop
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A Model of Christian Charity
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John Winthrop 1630
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The Journal of John Winthrop
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John Winthrop 1630-49
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Roger Williams
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A Key into the Language of America
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A Key into the Language of America
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Roger Williams 1643
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Two early immigrant groups
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Separatists Non-separatists
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Separatists
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Roger Williams (an antinomian, considered heretic) Believed in separation of church and state
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Non-Separatists
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John Winthrop Enterprising merchants
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Covenant Theology
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A belief in the existence of a contract between God and his elect
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Theocracy
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Government of a state by immediate divine guidance or by officials deemed to be divinely guided
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Paradox of Covenant Theology
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Choosing to give up your capacity to choose
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Antinomian
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Believes behaviour on earth offers no evidence for your salvation. Salvation predetermined. Relationship with God is private and direct.
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Sanctification
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Behaviour on earth that leads to salvation (effective means of controlling behaviour)
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Justification
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Being saved by God (according to Williams, this was predestined anyway)
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Twin foundations
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Liberty of conscience Separation of church and state
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Ann Hutchinson
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More radical than Williams (because she was a female leader) Winthrop uses her physical state to reflect her spiritual state (her miscarriage)
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Anne Bradstreet
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To Her Father with Some Verses The Author to Her Book To My Dear and Loving Husband Here Follows Some Verses upon the Burning of Our House, July 10th 1666
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To Her Father with Some Verses
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Anne Bradstreet 1678
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The Author to her Book
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Anne Bradstreet 1678
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To My Dear and Loving Husband
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Anne Bradstreet 1678
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Here Follows Some Verses upon the Burning of our House, July 10th 1666
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Anne Bradstreet 1867
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Mary Rowlandson
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A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson
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A Narrative of the captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson
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Mary Rowlandson 1682
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Jonathan Edwards
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Personal Narrative On Sarah Pierpont Sarah Edwards' Narrative
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Native American Narratives
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Pontiac Samson Occom Logan Red Jacket Tecumseh
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Pontiac
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Speech at Detroit
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Samson Occom
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A Short Narrative of my Life
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Logan
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From Chief Logan's Speech
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Red Jacket
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Reply to the Missionary Jacob Cram
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Tecumseh
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Speech to the Osages
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Benjamin Franklin
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The Way to Wealth The Speech of Miss Polly Baker Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One Information to Those Who Would Remove to America Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America
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The Way to Wealth (Preface to Poor Richard Improved)
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Benjamin Franklin 1758
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The Speech of Miss Polly Baker
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Benjamin Franklin 1747
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Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One
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Benjamin Franklin 1773
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Information to Those Who Would Remove to America
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Benjamin Franklin 1784
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Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America
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Benjamin Franklin 1784
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The Letters of John and Abigail Adams
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John and Abigail Adams
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Thomas Jefferson
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From The Declaration of Independence
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Olaudah Equiano
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The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavas Vassa, the African, Written by Himself
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Phillis Wheatley
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On Being Brought from Africa to America To the University of Cambridge in New England To SM, a Young African Painter, on Seeing His Works Letter to Rev. Samson Occom, New London, CT
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On Being Brought from Africa to America
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Phillis Wheatley
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To the University of Cambridge in New England
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Phillis Wheatley
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To SM, a Young African Painter, on Seeing His Works
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Phillis Wheatley
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Letter to Rev. Samson Occom, New London, CT
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Phillis Wheatley
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King Philip's War
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1675 Direct result of the Plymouth execution of three of Philip's Wampanoag tribesmen Native Americans were also starving, desperate to retain their land; war was an effort to stop further expansion by the colonists
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Rowlandson's adaptation to Native American culture
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food trades her work for money/food domestic arrangements become normal to her works on the Sabbath
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Great Awakening
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1734 onwards Relevant to Jonathan Edwards Spirit of revivalism, religious fervour. Characterized by raptures, fainting, etc "conversion disorder" Cautioned against by Chauncy
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Charles Chauncy
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Criticized Great Awakening Cautioned against "enthusiasms" - false, problematic, women accused of being sexually lapsed
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Jonathan Edwards - Personal Narrative
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Removes gender references to make it accessible for everyone Talks of predestination Private (close and intimate) relationship with God His sins are worse than anyone else's
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Jonathan Edwards - Sarah Edward's Narrative
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Describes raptures, fainting, "enthusiasms" (conversion disorder) "weanedness from the world" God as pure, bright, "piercing all-seeing eye", "infinite terrible wrathfulness" Defends against Chauncy's criticisms
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Christopher Columbus - Letter to Luis de Santangel Regarding the First Voyage
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Proclamation and putting up flag are two forms of performative utterance Distinction between the way he describes land and people (people expendable) Condition of land reflects physical and emotional state
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Christoper Columbus - Letter to Ferdinand and Isabella Regarding the Fourth Voyage
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Change of mood/circumstance Power asserted by documents and maps; attempts at possession have failed miserably Condition of land reflects his physical and emotional state
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Bartolome de las Casas - from The Very Brief Relation of the Devastation of the Indies
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Reinforces stereotypes of Spanish colonists as barbarous without much contextualisation
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Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca - from The Relation of Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca
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Early captivity narrative Shared skills as a healer and merchant Portrays himself as adapting to their life, proud that he's sometimes perceived as a native Refers to "the Christians"--he's separate, even though he's a man of faith (calls them hypocrites)
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John Winthrop - A Model of Christian Charity
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Puritan Theocracy - the government of a state by immediate divine guidance, or officials who were deemed to be divinely guided No separation of church and state Know your place in society (likens society to a body, each part has its role, can't move out of that)
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John Winthrop - from the Journal of John Winthrop
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Anne Hutchinson and her miscarriage--body reflects the state of the soul Condemnation of Roger Williams
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Anne Bradstreet - To Her Father with Some Verses
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Debt to her father that she can't ever pay--not her physical father--God
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Anne Bradstreet - The Author to Her Book
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Authorial persona Anxiety about her book's reception
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Anne Bradstreet - To My Dear and Loving Husband
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Debt and thanks to her husband
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Anne Bradstreet - Here Follows Some Verses upon the Burning of Our House, July 10th 1666
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Her priority is to cry out to God for strength Unimportance of material belongings
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Mary Rowlandson - A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson
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Theodicy Adaptation to Native American culture Native Americans create hell on earth Manipulates experience to ensure her survival PTSD
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Roger Williams - A Key Into the Language of America
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Antinomian Behaviour on earth offers no evidence for your salvation Relationship with God is private and direct
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Monogenesis
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The idea that all people across the globe come from one original couple (Adam and Eve)--essentially we are all one people and can all be one human race
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Polygenesis
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The idea that different ethnicities originated in different parts of the globe at different times--there's no getting back to one human race. Race and ethnicity are determining factors. "Scientific racism"
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Natural Philosophy
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Causing a transition from monogenesis to polygenesis. An investigation of the world, looking for principles to demonstrate the inner workings of the natural world whilst still giving credit to a higher cause. Jefferson was engaged in this.
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Bi-cultural composite
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Native American documents recorded/translated by whites--can we be sure of their accuracy?
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Pontiac - Speech at Detroit
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How does he set out on his journey? Provides himself with metal objects that would have been introduced by the English Discards them when he has his vision--spiritual and practical cleansing Forgotten heritage
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Samson Occom - from A Short Narrative of My Life
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Trained to be an itinerant preacher, good at what he does Taken advantage of Narrative expresses anger and a sense of betrayal Discusses his teaching methods--persuasion vs force (link to Cabeza De Vaca's peaceful approach) White hypocrisy--in the end his ethnicity determines his worth
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Logan - From Chief Logan's Speech
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Red Jacket - Reply to the Missionary Jacob Cram
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Tecumseh - Speech to the Osages
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White men as savages
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Benjamin Franklin - The Way to Wealth
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Poor Richard (adopts a character adopting himself as a character) Behaviour determines worth (on earth and after death) Reputation is all important (within elite and people at large) Emphasis on practicality, utilitarian, pragmatic "Erratum" (printer's error) instead of sin--can be corrected
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Benjamin Franklin's emphasis on usefulness and practicality
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Gives self-worth to those deprived of fripperies Distances self and culture from Europe Shows worth of people as something that can be constructed from humble circumstances Minimizes risk of financial instability (individually and collectively) Minimizes risk of extremes of wealth and poverty
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Benjamin Franklin - The Speech of Miss Polly Baker
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Female body testament to the way in which self-determination doesn't work (if a woman becomes pregnant out of wedlock she can't fix it) Virtue rooted in behaviour Habit is the most important thing - regularity Patterns of individual behaviour make life easier Patterns of collective behaviour create customs and communal habits
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Benjamin Franklin - Rules By Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One
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Satirical--a laundry list of don't do's
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Benjamin Franklin - Information to Those Who Would Remove to America
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Emphasis on practicality
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Benjamin Franklin - Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America
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Irony - savages are actually the colonists Savages have highly sophisticated culture
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Olaudah Equiano - The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavas Vassa, the African, Written by Himself
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Life writing Memoir, travel narrative, spiritual conversion narrative, political treatise First first hand account of the middle passage Identifies as an African, then almost an Englishman
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Phillis Wheatley - On Being Brought from Africa to America
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Phillis Wheatley - To the University of Cambridge, New England
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Phillis Wheatley - To SM, a Young African Painter, on Seeing His Works
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Phillis Wheatley - Letter to Rev. Samson Occom, New London, CT
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