American Literature I – Flashcards
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The Colonial Period
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period in history that lasted from 1600-1750
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Native American Literature
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the kind of literature that most appeared in the Colonial Period
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Mayflower
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boat on which many pilgrims came to the Americas
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Plymouth Rock
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area where the Pilgrims exited the Mayflower
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William Bradford
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author of Of Plymouth Plantation
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Of Plymouth Plantation
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work by William Bradford
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Puritans
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they believed in a literal interpretation of the Bible
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Original Sin
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inherent evil
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Predestination
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Puritan concept of God having chosen certain people for Heaven
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Jonathan Edwards
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Puritan minister who teached fire and brimstone
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Great Awakening
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spiritual awakening that occurred in the 1740s and 1750s
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Thomas Jefferson
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wrote the Declaration of Independence
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Thomas Paine
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wrote "The Crisis" and "Common Sense"
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Revolutionary Period
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period in history that lasted from 1765-1789
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Patrick Henry
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penned "The Speech in the Virginia Convention"
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Rene Descartes
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"I speak, therefore I am."
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Isaac Newton
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God is like a master clockmaker
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John Locke
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suggested a more reasoned approach to politics and economics
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Jean de Crevecoeur
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"All nations are melted into a new race of men."
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University of Pennsylvania
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university founded by Benjamin Franklin
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Addison and Steele
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founded The Spectator
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Benjamin Franklin
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The Pennsylvania Gazette and Poor Richard's Almanac
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The Romantic Tradition
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1800-1861; emotions versus reason, nature versus society
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Great Corrupter
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to a romantic, civilization is the______
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Age of Reason, Enlightenment
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other terms for the Revolutionary Period
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Higher Truth
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the Romantics sought to rise above reality to the realm of_______
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Poetry
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the highest form of imagination, according to the Romantics
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
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coined the term "Noble Savage"
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John Wayne
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actor who was synonymous with America's passion for adventure and heroism
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Knickerbocker School
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consisted of James Fenimore Cooper, William Cullen Bryant, and Washington Irving
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James Fenimore Cooper
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wrote The Leatherstocking Tales
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William Cullen Bryant
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wrote nature poetry and a romanticized view of life
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Washington Irving
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Knickerbocker school, wrote satirical short stories
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Transcendentalists
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consisted of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Transcendentalist, wrote essays such as "Self-Reliance" and poetry
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Henry David Thoreau
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wrote "Walden"
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Brooding Romantics
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consisted of Edgar Allen Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Herman Melville
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Edgar Allen Poe
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one of the Brooding Romantics; came up with the "gothic romance"
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Nathaniel Hawthorne
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haunting Puritanism in his work; wrote novels and short stories
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Herman Melville
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wrote works of psychological introspection; poetry, short stories, and novels
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The Fireside Poets
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consisted of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Oliver Wendell Holmes, James Russell Lowell, and John Greenleaf Whittier
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Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Oliver Wendell Holmes, James Russell Lowell
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the three Fireside Poets who comprised the "Cambridge Poets"
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Nathaniel Hawthorne
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wrote "The Scarlett Letter"
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Herman Melville
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wrote "Moby Dick"
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Henry David Thoreau
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wrote "Walden", "Life in the Woods"
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Walt Whitman
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wrote "Leaves of Grass"
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James Fenimore Cooper
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America's first notable novelist
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The Spy
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James Fenimore Cooper's first novel
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Natty Bumppo
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hero of "The Leatherstocking Tales"
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Deerslayer
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represents the all-American hero in "The Leatherstocking Tales"
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William Cullen Bryant
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first American poet to gain a European reputation
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Thanatopsis
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view of death
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Scansion
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analyzing poetry
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Blank Verse
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most common form of poetry; considered closest to normal speech
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Iamb
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syllabic pattern in poetry (short long short long)
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Pentameter
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five meters to a line
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Washington Irving
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born of wealthy New York merchants who modified many stories from 16th century German Romantic literature; satire
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History of New York
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Washington Irving; tells the story of Diedrich Knickerbocker
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Diedrich Knickerbocker
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"typical" New Yorker in "History of New York"
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The Sketch Book
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Washington Irving; contains "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"
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Tales of the Alhambra
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Washington Irving; embellished Spanish legends
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Mephistopheles
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the devil's advocate
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Faust Legend
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tells of one who makes a pact with the devil
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Rip Van Winkle
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Washington Irving; perilous journey, use of the supernatural, disguise and recognition
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Rip Van Winkle
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a term synonymous with one who enjoys sleep or is willing to ignore the current events around him while he sleepwalks through life
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Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
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most popular poet of the 19th century; attended Bowdoin College and taught at Harvard
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Brahmins
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the most influential families of Boston; Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's family was one of these
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Evangeline
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major work of Longfellow; in every literate American home at the time
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The Song of Hiawatha
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work of Longfellow; from the Finnish epic, Kalevala
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The Courtship of Miles Standish
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work of Longfellow; shadows of "Cyrano de Bergerac"
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Tales of a Wayside Inn
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work of Longfellow; modeled off of "The Canterbury Tales"
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The Cross of Snow
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poem of Longfellow; romantic view of death, personification of the sea
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Oliver Wendell Holmes
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physician, poet, and humorist from Cambridge, Massachusetts; "Breakfast Table Essays"
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Old Ironsides
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work of Oliver Wendell Holmes; about the USS Constitution and the War of 1812
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The Chambered Nautilus
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work of Holmes; man is capable of achieving spiritual perfection through his own existence
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Nautilus
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Holmes; symbol of "the good life"
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James Russell Lowell
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author born to a Brahmin family in Cambridge, Massachusetts; poet, literary critic, diplomat, abolitionist
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The Atlantic Monthly
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periodical edited by James Russell Lowell as he developed the interest of others in American literature
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She Came and Went
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poem by James Russell Lowell; romantic view of death, use of nature, simile
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Tears in Heaven
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song by Eric Clapton; contemporary view of death
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The Vision of Sir Launfal
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book by James Russell Lowell; quest of a knight for the holy grail, meets a "loathsome leper"
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The American Renaissance
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the rise of a national literature
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Transcendentalism
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reaction against eighteenth century Rationalism
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Oversoul
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man's soul=world soul
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
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lecurer, essayist, poet from Concord, Massachusetts; contemporary of Wordsworth and Coleridge ("Essays", "Poems")
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Self-Reliance
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essay by Ralph Waldo Emerson; "Envy is ignorance", "Imitation is suicide", "A foolish consistency..."
