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salutary neglect

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a term coined by british statesman edmund burke regarding the english colonies; idea that the colonies benefited by being left alone, without too much british interference

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proclamation of 1763

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a proclamation from the british government which forbade british colonists from settling west of the appalacian mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.

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french and Indian war

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was a war fought by french and english on american soil over control of the ohio river valley-- english defeated french in1763. historical significance: established england as number one world power and began to gradually change attitudes of the colonists toward england for the worse

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sam adams

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a member of the sons of liberty who started the committee of correspondence to stir public support for american independence. member of the first and second continental congress, signed the declaration of independence, and served as governor of massachusetts. he was very supportive of a revolution.

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poniacts rebellion

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1763 - an indian uprising after the french and indian war, led by an ottowa chief named pontiac. they opposed british expansion into the western ohio valley and began destroying british forts in the area. the attacks ended when pontiac was killed.

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popular sovereignty

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the concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government. people express themselves through voting and free participation in government

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valley forge

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place where washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, a 4th of troops died here from disease and malnutriton, steuben comes and trains troops

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townshend acts

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laws passed in 1767 that taxed goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea

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roger sherman

answer

american revolutionary leader and signer of the declaration of independence and the articles of confederation and the united states constitution (1721-1793). he helped draft the great compromise that determined how states would be represented in congress.

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edmund randolph

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attorney general

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alien and sedition act

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passed by federalists making it harder to become citizens and to deport any immigrant deemed dangerous. the second one outlawed the writing, speaking, or publications of false, scandalous, or malicious statements against the government.

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Marbury v Madison

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the 1803 case in which chief justice john marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the supreme court to determine the meaning of the u.s. constitution. the decision established the court's power of judicial review over acts of congress, (the judiciary act of 1789).

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treaty of ghent

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treaty that ended the war of 1812

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prosser's rebellion

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failed slave rebellion in which a slave preacher tried to organize a group of a thousand slaves to revolt

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Ft.McHenry

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baltimore, site of a key battle in the war of 1812, about which the star spangled banner was written

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judicial review

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the right of the supreme court to determine if a law violates the constitution

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delegated powers

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powers specifically given to the federal government by the us constitution, for example, the authority to print money.

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tenskwatawa

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the prophet; inspired a religious revival that spread through many tribes and united them; killed by harrison at battle of tippecanoe

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war hawk

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a member of congress who wanted war with britain before the war of 1812

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robert fulton

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american inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)

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revivals

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emotional gatherings where people came together to hear sermons and declare their faith

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impressments

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the practice of forcing people into service. british ships would stop american vessels and impress american sailors. this led to americans becoming extremely angry and eager for war with britain.

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albany plan of union

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plan proposed by benjamin franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the crown

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olive branch petition

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still pledge loyalty to king george iii but are still asking britain to respect the rights and liberties of the colonies, repeal oppressive legislation, and british troops out of the colonies; george 3 didn't want anything to do with them and declared all colonies in a state of rebellion

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first congressional congress

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meeting of representatives from every colong except georgia held in philadelphia in 1774 to discuss actions to take in response to the intolerable acts

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intolerable acts

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a series of laws set up by parliament to punish massachusetts for its protests against the british

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social contract

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an implicit agreement among people that results in the organization of society

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new jersey plan

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opposite of the virginia plan, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote. this created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn't want to be bullied by larger states.

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james madison

answer

strict constructionist, 4th president, father of the constitution, leads nation through war of 1812

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great compromise

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compromise made by constitutional convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house

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XYZ affair

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incident in which french agents demanded a bribe and loan from the u.s. diplomats in exchange for discussing an agreement that french privateers would no longer attack american ships; led to an undeclared war between u.s. and france

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vaginia and kentucky resolutions

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written anonymously by jefferson and madison in response to the alien and sedition acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.

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misouri compromise

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an agreement that added missouri as a slave state and maine as a slave free state. kept the balane plus banned slavery in northern loisiana territory

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tecumseh

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a famous chief of the shawnee who tried to unite indian tribes against the increasing white settlement (1768-1813)

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embargo of 1807

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law that forbade american ships from sailing to foreign ports and closed american ports to british ships

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concurrent powers

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powers that the constitution gives to both the national and state governments, such as the power to levy taxes.

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daniel boone

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famous early pioneer who cleared wilderness road, a new route to the west. wilderness road became the main route used to cross the appalachian mountains

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noah webster

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united states lexicographer (1758-1843), american writer who wrote textbooks to help the advancement of education. he also wrote a dictionary which helped standardize the american language.

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richard allen

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an african american preacher who helped start the free african society and the african methodist episcopal church

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evangelical

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of or pertaining to or in keeping with the christian gospel especially as in the first 4 books of the new testament

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battle of tippecanoe

answer

1811 tecumseh and the prophet attack, but general harrison crushes them in this battle ends tecumseh's attempt to unite all tribes in mississippi.

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assimilation

answer

the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

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declaratory act

answer

act passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the stamp act. stated that parliament could legislate for the colonies in all cases.

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common sense

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a pamphlet written by thomas paine that criticized monarchies and convinced many american colonists of the need to break away from britain

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ft. necessity

answer

the fort which george washington built in the ohio valley to protect the english from the french.

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virginia plan

answer

virginia delegate james madison's plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in congress based on their population

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elastic clause

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the part of the constitution that permits congress to make any laws "necessary and proper" to carrying out its powers

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three fifths compromise

answer

the agreement by which the number of each state's representatives in congress would be based on a count of all the free people plus three-fifths of the slaves

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shay's Rebellion

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was led by daniel shays it was a protest against the land being taken away and the taxes that they had just worked so hard to get rid of

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electoral college

answer

the body of electors who formally elect the united states president and vice-president

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legislative branch

answer

the branch of government that makes the laws.

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executive branch

answer

the branch of the united states government that is responsible for carrying out the laws

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judicial branch

answer

the branch of government that interprets laws

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jay treaty

answer

was made up by john jay. it said that britain was to pay for americans ships that were seized in 1793. it said that americans had to pay british merchants debts owed from before the revolution and britain had agreed to remove their troops from the ohio valley

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northwest ordinance 1787

answer

A major success of the Articles of Confederation. Set up the framework of a government for the Northwest territory. The Ordinance provided that the Territory would be divided into 3 to 5 states, outlawed slavery in the Territory, and set 60,000 as the minimum population for statehood.

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treaty of greenville

answer

This treaty between the Americans and the Native Americans. In exchange for some goods, the Indians gave the United States territory in Ohio. Anthony Wayne was the American representative.

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john marshall

answer

United States jurist (supreme court)

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whiskey rebellion

answer

a protest caused by tax on liquor; it tested the will of the government, Washington's quick response showed the government's strength and mercy

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war of 1812

answer

a war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France

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reserved powers

answer

powers that the Constitution does not give to the national government that are kept by the states

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panic of 1819

answer

Economic panic caused by extensive speculation and a decline of Europena demand for American goods along with mismanagement within the Second Bank of the United States. Often cited as the end of the Era of Good Feelings.

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battle of thames

answer

1813 British defeat by General William Henry Harrison's army

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pickney treaty

answer

1795 - Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans.

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samuel slater

answer

He memorized the way that the British made machines and he brought the idea to America. He made our first cotton spinning machine.

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john ross

answer

Cherokee chief who went to court in Georgia to protect the Cherokees' right to own their own land when the government gave the land to new settlers

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cumberland gap

answer

a pass through the Cumberland Mountains between Virginia and Kentucky that early settlers used in order to move west

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second great awakening

answer

A second religious fervor that swept the nation. It converted more than the first. It also had an effect on moral movements such as prison reform, the temperance movement, and moral reasoning against slavery.

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precedent

answer

(civil law) a law established by following earlier judicial decisions

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enlightment

answer

movement that began in Europe in the late 1600s as people began examining the natural world, society, and government; also called the age of reason

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henry clay

answer

United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852)

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