American History Chapter 20 – Flashcards
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35th president of the U.S.
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John Kennedy
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econmic problem the U.S. faced at the end of Eisenhower's second term
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recession
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republican candidate in the 1960 election
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Richard Nixion
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democratic candidate in the 1960 election
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John Kennedy
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2 factors that decided the 1960 presedential election in favor of Kennedy
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television and the civil rights issue
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2 obsticles this president had to face was that he was the 2nd youngest president in history, and a roman catholic
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JFK
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on this day 70 million TV viewers watched the 2 candidates debate
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September 26, 1960
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how many people watched Nixion and JFK debate on telivision?
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70 million
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this cadidate was coached, so he looked and sounded better on TV. This was a deciding factor in the debates.
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JFK
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Kennedy got this man out of jail, and won the votes of African Americans
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Martin Luther King Jr.
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the number of votes Kennedy won the 1960 election by
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119,000
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opra singer who was invited to Kennedy's inauguration who had once been banned from sinnging at constitutional hall because she was black.
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Marian Anderson
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the public was facinated by these charming, graceful and glamours people
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The Kennedy Family
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developing nations not allied with the US or USSR
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"Third World" Countries
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Kennedy increased defense spending in order to boost conventional military forces (non-nuclear forces) and create and elite branch of the army called the Special Forces. Also trippled the nuclear capabilites of the US.
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Flexible Response
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Cuba's communist leader
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Fidel Castro
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how did the US respond to Castro converting Cuba to a communist country
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trade barrier against cuban sugar
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former dictator in cuba that the US supported and that castro toppled
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Fulgencio Batista
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where the counterrevolutionary movement began against Cuba and Castrof
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Miami, Florida
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The CIA trained an army of cuban exials hoping it would trigger and uprising that would overthrough Castro. It was a disaster. They faced Cuban and USSR troops and when the fiasko was over the US had to pay $53 million in food/supplies in exchange for captured exiles
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Bay of Pigs
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how much did the US pay in food/supplies in exchange for captured exiles after the invasion of the Bay of Pigs?
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$53 million
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did the invasion of the Bay of Pigs succeed?
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no
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Cuba had soviet missles pointed at the US and could reach cities within minutes
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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JFK was criticized for practicing brinkmanship, and on the other hand, for not using the opportunity to attack the USSR during this event
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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USSR primier (dictator) after Stalin
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Nikita Khrushchev
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what did the USSR want the US to do in Berlin?
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leave
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did the US leave Berlin?
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no
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concrete wall topped with barbed wire that divided the city in 2
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Berlin Wall
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phone that allowed Khrushchev and JFK to communicate should another cricis arrive
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Hot Line
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banned nuclear testing in the atomosphere
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Limited Test Ban Treaty
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because of the military's need for arms it began to take over economically and politically and the US needed to be careful
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Eisenhower Warning
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Alan Shepard became the first american to travel to space
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May 5, 1961
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rocket that took shepard into space
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Freedom 7
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JFK's metaphor for the Americans being "new Pioneers" exploring "uncharted areas of space and science"
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New Frontier
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were JFK's new frontier ideas succesful?
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no
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the congress didnt support the new frontier with enough ________ for it to be succesful
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votes
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clear indication that voters approve a politician's plans
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Popular Mandate
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did JFK have the popular mandate?
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no
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dispite his lack of popular mandate, JFK did get the congress to approve of giving the department of defense a ___% budget increase
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20
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dispite his lack of popular mandate, JFK did get the congress to approve of raising minimum wage to $______ per hour
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1.25
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dispite his lack of popular mandate, JFK did get the congress to approve of extending __________ __________.
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unemployment insurance
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dispite his lack of popular mandate, JFK did get the congress to approve of providing assistence to cities with _____ ___________.
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high unemployment
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what was the percent of unemployment during Kennedy's time in office
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6%
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what did Kennedy push for to help the recession?
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deficit spending
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program of volunteer assistance to the developing nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America
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Peace Corps
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offered economical and technical assistance to latin American Countries
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Alliance of Progress
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who was the first person in space?
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Yuri A. Gagarin
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what was Kennedy's idea to counteract the Soviets sending Yuri A. Gagarin to the Moon?
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send a man to the moon
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communications satellite relayed live TV pictures accross the atlantic ocean from europe to maine
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Telstar
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what does NASA stand for?
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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where did NASA construct new facilites?
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Cape Conaveral, FL
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where did NASA construct their control center?
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Huston, TX
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Michael Harrington's book that profiled the 50 million who scraped by each year on less than 1000 per person
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The Other America
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who wrote "The Other America"?
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Michael Harrington
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Kennedy orders this to confront the problems the US had at home
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"the national assult on the causes of poverty"
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when was JFK assasonated?
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November 22, 1963
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JFK's murder
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Lee Harvey Oswald
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this nightclub owner shot and killed Oswald
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Jack Ruby
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investigated and concluded that Oswald shot the president while action on his own
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Warren Commission
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they were "The best and the brightest"--Bundy
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Kennedy's Advisors
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National Security Advisor
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McGoerge Bundy
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Secretary of Defense
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Robert McNamara
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Secretary of State
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Dean Rusk
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Special Assistant
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Kenneth O'Donnell
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Attorney General
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Robert Kennedy
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who was the presidents closest advisor?
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Robert Kennedy
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what was Robert Kennedy's relationship to the president?
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brother
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what did Castro advertise himself as?
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democratic
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what type of goverment was Castro turning cuba into?
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communist
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what did americans see Castro as?
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Freedom Fighter
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what percent of the Cuban population went into exile?
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10
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"We were eyeball to eyeball and the other fellow blinked"
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Dean Rusk
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Reasons the ______ _____ was built. - 3 Million East Germans (20%) had fled to West Berlin = free of communism - The refugees advertised the failure of Communist rule - Their departure weakened the economy of East Germany
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Berlin wall
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VP that took over when Kennedy was assasonated
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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where was JFK assasonated?
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Dallas
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also was shot and wounded, was in the car with Kennedy
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Governor Connally
