American History 2 Study Guide (part 1)
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Amendment 18
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Alcohol is prohibited.
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Amendment 19
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Gave Women the Right to Vote.
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Sacco and Vanzetti
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2 men that were convicted of murder and robbery and died in the electric chair.
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Jane Addams
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A pioneer American Settlement social worker, public philosopher, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace. Turned America to the concerns of mothers such as local health, children's needs, and community cleanup. A role model for middle class women who wanted to uplift the community. First women to receive the Nobel Peace Prize.
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Hull House
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A settlement house co-founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr. Took in European immigrants. Possessed social, educational, and artistic programs.
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Ida B. Wells
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African American journalist, newspaper editor, and suffragist. She was a leader in the civil rights movement. Documented lynching and showed how it was a way to control and punish blacks who competed against whites (often rape charges). She was a part of Women's Rights and the Women's Suffrage Movement.
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J.P Morgan
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A powerful banker, he financed railroads, helped to organize several corporations such as U.S Steel and General Electric. Partnered with Anthony Drexel: \"JP Morgan and Company. He helped stabilize American financial markets during the economic crises. Was accused of using the financial system for his own gain.
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Social Darwinism
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The theory that people are subject to natural selection. The weak are demolished and their cultures destroyed while the strong grow in power and cultural influence. \"Survival of the Fittest\"
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John Rockefeller
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Founder of Standard Oil Company, one of the worlds most wealthiest men. He was accused of predatory pricing in order to gain monopoly in the industry. Supreme Court found Standard Oil Company a violation of the anti-trust laws.
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Japan
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Island in East Asia located in the Pacific Ocean. East of North Korea, South Korea, China, and Russia. A very close ally of the US.
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Far East
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East Asia, North and Southeast Asia, and Russian Far East with South Asia. Refers to anything further east than the Middle East. The Pacific War was fought between the Pacific and East Asia.
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Andrew Carnegie
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Helped build the American steel industry, gave away most of his fortunes to charities by the time of his death, went from rich to poor, built the Carnegie Steel Company (sold to JP Morgan), focused on world peace, education, and scientific research. Built Carnegie Hall and is often referred to as the \"rags to riches\" story.
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William Seward
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US Secretary of State as an Anti Mason, Governor of New York, and US Senator. Hard pressed opponent of slavery leading up to the American Civil War. Defeated by Abraham Lincoln in the presidential nomination.
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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\"Competition Law\", prohibits business activities that federal government deems anti-competitive.
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Commodore Matthew Perry
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Commodore of the US Navy and commanded several ships. Served in the Mexican - American War and the War of 1812. Developed an apprentice system for naval officers because he was concerned for their education. \"The Father of the Steam Navy\"
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America in Hawaii
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Hawaiian sugars were undersold in the US due to the McKinley tariff and many islanders went into a depression. America annexed Hawaii in hopes to dissolve the problem. Battles occurred by trying to overthrow the new Queen of Hawaii.
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The Maine
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American battleship, a hole was torn in the hull of the ship due to a shocking explosion. \"Remember The Maine!\"
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America in Alaska
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Purchase of Alaska \"Seward's folly\", Russia primarily wanted the purchase for the fur trade and missionary work among Native Alaskans.
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Butcher Weyler
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(Also known as \"the butcher\") Nickname for the Spanish general of Cuba because of his harsh and violent treatment towards prisoners in his concentration camps.
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George Dewey
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US naval officer, victory at Manila Bay in the Spanish - American war, led the American attack on the Philippines.
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Naval Power
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The US's army in the sea to control and protect US interests.
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America in Venezuela and Cuba
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Cuba and Venezuela are allies, reject the US path of capitalism. Imperialism.
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America in the Philippines
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Philippine- American War, struggle of the First Philippine Republic to gain independence after the US's annexation.
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Alfred T. Mahan
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US Navy Admiral \"the most important strategist of the 19th century\". Great power = great impact. Impacted the thoughts of navies across the world.
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Splendid Little War (Spanish American War)
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Started by US in hopes for independence for Cuba from Spain and the explosion of the USS Maine.
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Roosevelt Corollary
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Roosevelt's extension of the Monroe Doctrine saying: US has rights to protect our economic interests by using military force. Allowed US to intervene in Latin American affairs.
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Yellow Press
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Presents little or no well-researched news and rather uses bold headlines and images to catch the readers eye. Techniques include: exaggeration of news events, scandal mongering and sensationalism. (Also called Yellow Journalism)
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Rough Riders
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A volunteer group of the US Calvary led by Teddy Roosevelt during Spanish American War.
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Newlands Reclamation Act
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Authorized federal funds from public land sales, paid for irrigation and land development projects.
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McKinley Assassination
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McKinley was shot by an anarchist, yellow journalism was blamed for conspiracy, Teddy Roosevelt takes McKinley's presidential spot.
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Coal Strike of 1902
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Coal workers threatened to shut down the coal supply for the winter, Teddy Roosevelt resolved this issue federally due to his fear for the lack of heat that winter.
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Northern Securities Case
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Teddy Roosevelt's attack on the Northern Securities Company (a railroad company owned by James Hill and JP Morgan), company ends up being \"trust busted\".
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Conservations
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Limited the use of resources that polluted the environment.
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Upton Sinclair
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A muckracker, published \"The Jungle\", a book that revealed the nasty details of meat packaging.
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The Jungle
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A novel written by Upton Sinclair revealing the disgusting details of the meat packaging industry in Chicago.
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Pure Food and Drug Act
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Prevented false drug and food labels in the packaging industries. Ensured the safety of these products.
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Meat Inspection Act
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Laid down rules for meat packaging and government inspection of meat across the state.
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Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
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Agency that sets laws for all companies doing business across state line, monitors the railroad commerce.
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City Reform
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A reform intended to stop corruption.
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Bob LaFollette
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Govenor of Wisconsin, broke up many interests and monopolies, Militant Republican Progressivist.
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Muckrackers
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Journalists who wrote about the corruption in businesses and politics in hopes of bringing reform.
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Teddy Roosevelt
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26th Prez, passed 2 meat purification acts, took over when McKinley was shot. \"Trust Buster\" \"Speak softly and carry a big stick\"
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Ida Tarbell
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A muckracker and magazine editor, exposed the corruption of the oil industry.
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Panama Canal
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US built this canal to have quicker access to the Pacific from the Atlantic, cost $400,000,000 to build, Colombians would not let Americans build the canal. With assistance from US a Panamanian revolution occurred and the new rulers allowed the US to build the canal.
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Square Deal
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Policy by Roosevelt: fair relations between companies and workers. Controlled corporations and included consumer protection, and preservation of resources.
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Triangle Shirtwaist Company FireLincoln Steffens
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A clothing companies building that locked the women upstairs during their working hours to prevent theft, many of these women were killed in a tragic fire known as the \"Triangle Fire\".
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William Howard Taft
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Was endorsed by Roosevelt because he promised to enforce progressiveness then lost Roosevelt's trust because he didn't appoint any Progressives into the Cabinet.
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Bull Moose Party
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Nickname for the new Progressive party created by Roosevelt
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Jacob Riis
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Danish immigrant who became a journalist. He pointed out the bad living conditions of the tenement houses where immigrants lived. Wrote \"The Other Half Lives\".
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Socialism
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Society owns and controls the way of production.
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Woodrow Wilson
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28th president of the US, leader in World War I, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage and the Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations and won Nobel Peace Prize
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Federal Reserve Act
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Establish a form of economic stability through the introduction of the Central Bank.
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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Assassinated during mission in Sarajevo, sparking World War I, caused Germany and other allies to declare war on Serbia.
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Neutrality
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Refusal to take part in a war between different nations
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Booker T. Washington
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Supported segregation and suggested that African Americans better themselves to achieve equality and believed that they possessed quality labor skills. Wrote \"Up from Slavery\"
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W.E.B DuBois
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Encouraged blacks to resist segregation and racism. Helped to create the NAACP.
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Eugene Debs
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A socialist who ran for president 5 times, an American union leader, one founder of the International Labor Union.
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Alliance System
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A defense agreement between two nations to come to each others aid
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Arabic and Sussex Pledges
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German government pledges not to sink any more ships and agreed not to go to war.
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Kaiser Wilhelm II
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Emperor of Germany during World War I, wanted to display Germany's power and was greedy with his power. Pushed for a more aggressive foreign policy.
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The Zimmerman Note
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A letter from Germany asking Mexico to enter a war with them as an award they would give them territories in America. Had to be decoded, US was super mad.
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U-Boats (Unterseeboots)
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German Submarines
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Lusitania
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British passenger ship, was sunk by a German U-Boat. Turned the Americans opinions against German's and was a move towards the war.
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Wilson's Fourteen Points
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A lasting peace plan after World War I, ended entangling alliances, kept peace after war, removed trade barriers and reduced military.
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Wartime Propoganda
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Element of political success and military strategy.
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Trench Warfare
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Armies fight each other from trenches dug into the ground.
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Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
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A policy that the Germans announced which said that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters
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War Industries Board
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Established to increase efficiency and decrease waste in the war related industries.
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American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
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US Armed Forces were sent to Europe in WWI, fought against Imperial German forces side by side with French and British allied forces.
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Battle of Somme
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WWI battle between German and British forces, 1.25 million men killed or wounded and the first use of tanks in warfare.
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Committee on Public Information
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Prepares people's minds for war, tried to get the entire U.S. public to support U.S. involvement in WWI, employed 150,000 workers at home and oversees.
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Sedition Act
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Law that made it illegal to criticize the government.
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Selective Service Act
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Required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft
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The Treaty of Versailles
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Refused to allow German or Communist Russia to participate in peace conference negotiations, forced Germany to sign a war-guilt clause, changed map of Europe, created league of nations, left legacy of bitterness
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War-Guilt Clause
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Germany acknowledged that they alone were responsible for WWI
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Big Four
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The four most important leaders: Woodrow Wilson- USA, David Lloyd George- UK, George Clemenceau- France, and Vittorio Orlando- Italy.
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League of Nations
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An internal corporation that promoted peace among nations.
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Post War Troubles
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Economic chaos, inflation in Europe, other wars
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Liberty Loans
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War bonds to help fund the war
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Palmer Raid
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operation coordinated by General Mitchel Palmer: federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities
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National War Labor Board
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Negotiated labor disputes and gave workers what they wanted in order to prevent strikes.
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Espionage Act
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Gave the government new ways to combat spying.
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Red Scare
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A period during the Cold War where Americans were terrified of Communists and the possibility of communism spreading.
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Return to Normalcy
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Harding was President, the US and Britain returned to isolationism and the US economy boomed but Europe continued to struggle.
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Immigration Policy
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Allowing non-citizens to enter the country.
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Warren G. Harding
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29th prez, promised a 'return to normalcy', signed the federal child welfare program, dealt with strikers (railroad workers and miners)
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Calvin Coolidge
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30th prez, response to Boston Police Strike gave him a lot of his fame, was known as the man who spoke very little.
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National Origins Act
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US federal law: limited the number of immigrants that could enter the country, it excluded immigration of Asians.
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Racial Conflict
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Lots of African Americans migrated towards large cities and up North.
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KKK
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A secret organization of Southern white people, implemented violence against African Americans.
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Prohibition
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The 18th Amendment, prevention of the sale of alcohol.
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Conservative vs. Liberal
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Conservative: prefer smaller government and less regulation Liberal: more regulation and free services to citizens provided by gov.
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Emergency Quota Act
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Only 3% of immigrants are allowed into the US
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Teapot Dome Scandal
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A government scandal involving a former US Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company.
