American History 1 Test 1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
-Prince of Portugal -gave financial support to explorers
answer
Prince Henry the Navigator
question
-Portugese sailor -first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean
answer
Vasco de Gama
question
-Italian navigator -discovered the New World in 1492
answer
Christopher Columbus
question
-Spanish explorer and conquistador -founder of the first Spanish settlement in New Mexico
answer
Juan de Onate
question
-tried to organize an uprising to drive the Spanish from the colony and restore the Natives' traditional autonomy
answer
Pope
question
-founded Roanoke
answer
Walter Raleigh
question
-English explorer -helped found Jamestown -Pocahontas' lover
answer
John Smith
question
-Native American chief -Pocahontas' father - ____ Confederacy
answer
Powhatan
question
-Governor Berkley's cousin -started a rebellion -worked with yeomen farmers, indentured servants, and slaves -burned Jamestown to the ground
answer
Nathaniel Bacon
question
-governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony -Puritan -"City on a Hill" = better society in the NW
answer
John Winthrop
question
-wanted separation of church and state -banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony -founded the colony of Rhode Island
answer
Roger Williams
question
-disagreed with the Puritan Church -was banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony -joined Rhode Island colony
answer
Anne Hutchinson
question
-chief of the Wompanowogs -led a series of battles against the colonists in New Hampshire
answer
King Phillip
question
-founded Pennsylvania so his people could live free from religious persecution -Quaker
answer
William Penn
question
-founded Georgia -wanted the poor people to have better lives
answer
James Edward Oglethorpe
question
-black indentured servant -worked on a tobacco farm -tried to escape -sentence was enslavement for life
answer
John Punch
question
-won her case against her master, who wrongfully impregnated her -was free until she became impoverished -bound herself to another household
answer
Frances Driggers
question
-English philosopher -thought people should criticize their government -thought people had the natural right to "life, liberty, and property"
answer
John Locke
question
-preacher during The Great Awakening -spoke of fire and brimstone, how sinners go to Hell - wrote "Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God"
answer
Jonathan Edwards
question
-led the Albany Congress -helped navigate the French support for the American Revolution
answer
Benjamin Franklin
question
-1st president -commander in chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution
answer
George Washington
question
-Prime Minister of England -won the French and Indian War -increased British troops and military supplies in the colonies -known as the "Great Commoner"
answer
William Pitt
question
-founder of the Sons of Liberty -signed the Declaration of Independence -John Adams' cousin
answer
Samuel Adams
question
-Western Europe, West Africa, and America -creation began mid-1400s -trade networks
answer
The Atlantic World
question
-biological exchange between Europe, Africa, and the Americas -animals, plants, disease
answer
Columbian Exchange
question
-Nuevo Mexico -Spanish conquistadores conquered natives in the Americas -encomienda system -caste system based on race -Christianization/Catholicization -exportation of resources
answer
Characteristics of Spanish Colonization
question
-the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area
answer
Encomienda System
question
-the interbreeding of people considered to be of different racial types
answer
Miscegenation
question
-mercantilism -joint stock companies -the Virginia Colony --"Starving Time"
answer
Characteristics of English Colonization
question
-unfree trade, state regulated industry and commerce --colonies supplised raw materials --mother country made the products --products sold to colonies for profit
answer
Mercantilism
question
-private corporations in which merchants pool their money and resources for investment purposes --capital obtained by selling stock --trade routes and new markets --usually operated independently from government
answer
Joint Stock Companies
question
-shift toward agriculture and unfree labor -Headright system (land distribution) -settlers have "rights of Englishmen" -more English women and Africans come -huge tobacco boom
answer
Changes in Virginia after the "Starving Time"
question
-person who agreed to work for a colonial employer for a specified time in exchange for passage to America
answer
Indentured Servant
question
-Virginia's wealthy planters refused to improve interior lands -unhappy farmers took up arms against natives -rebels burn Jamestown to the ground -most rebels pardoned, 23 hanged
answer
Bacon's Rebellion
question
-21,000 people came in the Great Migration -population increased -90% of all children reached adulthood -wealthy families dominated the colonies
answer
Life in New England
question
-most were hardworking farm wives - domesticity -pretty much did everything on the farm while taking care of children -homebound -had legal disadvantages --could not own land
answer
Woman in New England
question
-thought to have signed a contract with Satan -the accused were mostly the assertive, independent, or promiscuous -Salem Witch Trials --20 people were executed, 150 put in jail --3/4 were women
answer
Witches in New England
question
-Atlantic creoles
answer
Slaves of New Netherland
question
-determined whether someone was a slave or not by the condition of the mother
answer
1662 Virginia Slave Law
question
-based on unfree labor -slavery/plantation system came from the Caribbean
answer
South Carolina's Economy
question
-some slaves broke into a gun store -tried to escape to Florida -more slaves join on the way -were finally caught -many were shot/decapitated to be made an example of
answer
The Stono Rebellion
question
-period of heightened religious activity in the colonies
answer
The First Great Awakening
question
-the clash between Britain and France for control in North America -caused the French and Indian War -Treaty of Paris
answer
Imperial Rivalries
question
-France had to surrender all major NW colonies to Britain and Spain
answer
Consequences of the French and Indian War
question
-imperial oppression/imperial reform began -thought colonists should help pay for the costs of the war -The Coercive Acts
answer
British Nationalism after the French and Indian War
question
-colonists and redcoats taunted each other -British shots were fired, killed 5 colonists
answer
The Boston Massacre
question
-organization of men in Boston that protested the Stamp Act by inflicting terror upon stamp agents and burning stamps
answer
The Sons of Liberty
question
-delegates from all colonies except Georgia met to discuss problems with Britain and to promote independence -sought to repeal Coercive Acts -adopted a Declaration of Rights and Grievances
answer
First Continental Congress
question
-Coercive Acts
answer
Currency Act, Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Quartering Act, Boston Port Act
question
-prohibited local assembly -made Catholicism the official religion -gave control of the Ohio Valley
answer
The Quebec Act
question
-caste system based on race -slaves were the lowest, wealthy white men were the highest
answer
Creation of Race in the Colonial Americas
question
-either peaceful (treaties, trading, etc.) or violent (wars, attacks, etc.). -neither was ultimately successful as most native peoples lost their land
answer
Native American Resistance Colonization
question
Comparison of Slavery in Dutch New Netherland, Virginia, and South Carolina
answer
DNN: Atlantic creoles, half freedom, no interracial couples V: slowly losing more rights, becoming harder to become free, if mother was a slave then child was too SC: slaves were property and not people, task system, system came from the Caribbean
