American Dream Study Guide Vocabulary – Flashcards
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Poetry - literature in a metrical form, a composition forming rhythmic lines, text that follows a particular flow of rhythm and meter, art of expressing one's thoughts in verse.
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1. "I Hear America Singing" by Walt Whitman 2. "I, Too, Sing America" by Langston Hughes
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Prose - type of writing in paragraph form, content flows according to story, no structure.
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(I Have A Dream by Martin Luther King Jr.)
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Aesthetic - the study and appreciation of beauty and/or good taste, pertaining to, involving, or concerned with pure emotions or sentiment (opposed to intellectuality).
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The aesthetic of "New Colossus" is hope.
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Poetic Structure - devices forms and elements of a poem that either: give author's ideas shape, gives poem shape, or organizes ideas for specific purpose.
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A poetic structure in ¨I Hear America Singing¨ would be repetition. The word ¨singing¨ is repeated 11 times throughout the short poem. This gives emphasis to what is heard. It shows that everyone he is talking about is singing, and that it is important.
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Stanza - a unit of lines grouped together that is similar to a paragraph in prose writing
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"I am the darker brother. They send me to eat in the kitchen When company comes, But I laugh, And eat well, And grow strong," (I, Too, Sing America by Langston Hughes)
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Quatrain - a stanza or poem made up of four lines, usually with a definite rhythm and rhyme scheme.
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(none in already read poems) "Hope" is the thing with feathers That perches in the soul And sings the tune without the words And never stops at all, (Hope is the Thing with Feathers by Emily Dickinson)
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Refrain - repetition of one or more lines, usually at the end of each stanza, similar to the chorus of a song
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"I have a dream that..." (I Have A Dream by Martin Luther King Jr.)
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Narrative - poetry that tells a story
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(Dream Deferred by Langston Hughes)
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Lyric - expresses the thoughts and feelings of the poet, may resemble a song in form or style
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(I Hear America Singing by Walt Whitman)
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Fixed Form - composed using a set template or formula, may or may not rhyme, but it has a set template
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(I, Too, Sing America by Langston Hughes)
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Free Verse - poetry that is not written in regular rhythmical pattern or meter, composed of either rhymed or unrhymed lines that have no set metrical pattern or expectation, first thought of by 21st century poets
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(I Hear America Singing by Walt Whitman)
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Alliteration - repetition of initial sound in a phrase
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¨The shoemaker singing as he sits.¨ It is repeating the initial sound of 's'. (I Hear America Singing by Walt Whitman)
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Assonance - repetition of vowel sounds in a phrase
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"What happens to a dream deferred?" (Dream Deferred by Langston Hughes)
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Cacophony - discordant sounds, harsh letters or syllables in a phrase
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tempest-tost (New Colossus by Emma Lazarus)
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Onomatopoeia- sounds that are spelled out
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(none in already read poems) How they tinkle, tinkle, tinkle, / In the icy air of night!; To the tintinnabulation that so musically wells (The Bells by Edgar Allen Poe)
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Rhyme - correspondence of sounds between words, common in poetry
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like a heavy load. Or does it explode? (Dream Deferred by Langston Hughes)
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Slant Rhyme - the sounds of words are similar, but not exact, also called hear rhyme, off rhyme, forced rhyme, imperfect rhyme, or a half rhyme.
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(none in already read poems) 'This latest Leisure equal lulls The Beggar and his Queen Propitiate this Democrat A Summer's Afternoon.' (Not any Higher Stands the Grave by Emily Dickinson)
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Rhyme Scheme - pattern of rhymed words at the ends of lines
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ABBAABBACDCDCD - rhyme scheme of "New Colossus"
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Rhythm - strong, regular repeated pattern of movement or sounds, includes stressed and unstressed syllables
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(New Colossus by Emma Lazarus)
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Tone - attitude of the speaker to the subject, set by setting, vocabulary, diction, etc.
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Tone of "The 8 Secrets of Success": Speaker: Richard St. John Subject: What leads to success? passionate confident realistic Tone Word: passionately confident Why?: passionate- he felt so strongly about the subject that when the girl on the plane asked him the question, he spent 7 years and interviewed 500 people just to find the true answers to tell high school students. confident- after going around to different high schools, he must have spoken about the subject many, many, many times, leading to him being extremely comfortable with the subject, being able to talk about it for a long time, like his regular speeches were.
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Essay - a brief work of nonfiction that deals with a single subject
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(Health Care? by Laura Bachman)
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Figurative Language - describing something by comparing it with something else, simile, metaphor, personification, symbolism, hyperbole
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Symbolism: "A mighty woman with a torch" symbolizes The Statue of Liberty (New Colossus by Emma Lazarus)
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Sound Devices - a poet's tool to blend sound and imagery to create emotional response, words should evoke images and have sounds
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There is alliteration in "companies come" with the repeated initial sound of 'c'. (I, Too, Sing America by Langston Hughes)
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Nonfiction - prose writing about real people, places and/or events
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(Half A Life by Darin Strauss)
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Speaker - the voice that "talks" to the reader, not always necessarily the poet
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The speaker in "I, Too, Sing America" is Langston Hughes.
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Couplet - stanza consisting of two lines that rhyme
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(none in already read poems) O could I flow like thee, and make thy stream / My great example, as it is my theme!" (Cooper's Hill by John Denham)
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Objective - facts which can be proven true
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"Feeding Those Who Are Hungry" is objective because it has information that can be verified by other sources beyond yourself.
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Subjective - details only true by current state, feelings about events, word connotation, leads to biasness.
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"F. Scott Fitzgerald to His Daughter" is subjective because the details are only true by state of mind, "Don't worry about flies" can't be proven wrong past opinions.
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SOAPSTone - Subject, Occasion/event, Audience, Purpose, Strategies/literary devices, Tone, used to analyze speeches
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SOAPSTone of "The Psychology of Time": Subject- benefits of understanding time perspective Occasion- TED Talk, 2009, Long Beach, California Audience- TEDsters (people in the audience listening to the speaker) Purpose- Persuasive: "many of life's problems can be solved if you understand time perspective." Strategies- 1. Logos: percentages, research, statistics, powerpoint 2. allusion to the Bible 3. Ethos: personal anecdote, history with research, profession 4. Pathos: growing up in Brooklyn 5. Organization: comparing and contrasting time perspectives, lists Tone: Speaker: Philip Zimbardo, Subject: benefits of time perspective - positive - informal - objective - knowledgeable - relatable tone word: relatably knowledgeable why?: He uses anecdotes to make the speech more relatable, and is very knowledgeable about the subject due to his profession.
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Logical Fallacies - error or false logic, bandwagon, status quo, hasty generalizations, over-generalization, ad hominem, straw man, slippery slope, begging the question
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(none in already read pieces) All redheads are mean. Generalization
