ALP Ch 18 – Flashcards

All of the following are generally used in vaccines EXCEPT inactivated viruses. live, attenuated viruses. antibodies. parts of bacterial cells. toxoids.

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of live attenuated vaccine agents? They elicit lifelong immunity. They require few or no booster immunizations. The immune response generated by the vaccine closely mimics a real infection. They occasionally revert to virulent forms. They stimulate by cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.

An ELISA for Hepatitis C has 95 percent sensitivity and 90 percent specificity. This means that the test detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. detects 90 percent of the true positive samples and has 5 percent false positive results. detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results. detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results.

Which of the following are sources of antibodies for serological testing? vaccinated animals and cells producing monoclonal antibodies cells producing monoclonal antibodies vaccinated animals, cells producing monoclonal antibodies, and viral cultures vaccinated animals viral cultures

The clumping of test red blood cells indicates a negative test result (no antibodies against the virus in the patient's serum) in the indirect agglutination test. viral hemagglutination inhibition test. precipitation test. direct agglutination test. complement-fixation test.

A test used to identify Streptococcus pyogenes in a patient's throat swab is the indirect fluorescent-antibody test. hemagglutination-inhibition test. hemagglutination test. indirect ELISA test. direct fluorescent-antibody test.

A patient's serum, Mycobacterium, guinea pig complement, sheep red blood cells, and anti-sheep red blood cell antibodies are mixed in a test tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies to Mycobacterium? Hemagglutination occurs. Bacteria fluoresce. Hemolysis occurs. No hemolysis occurs. Hemagglutination-inhibition occurs.

The following steps are used to produce monoclonal antibodies. What is the fourth step? Culture the hybridoma in a selective medium. Isolate antibody-producing B cells. A B cell is activated to produce antibodies. Vaccinate a mouse. Fuse a B cell to a myeloma cell.

In an immunodiffusion test to diagnose histoplasmosis, a patient's serum is placed in a well in an agar plate. In a positive test, a line forms as the serum diffuses from the well and meets material diffusing from a second well. What type of test is this? a precipitation reaction a complement-fixation test an indirect ELISA test an agglutination reaction a direct ELISA test

Toxoid vaccines, such as the vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus, elicit a(n) antibody response against these bacterial toxins. immune complex. TC cell response. dendritic cell proliferation. antibody response against gram-positive bacteria.

A vaccine against HIV proteins made by a genetically-engineered vaccinia virus that has infected a eukaryotic cell line is a(n) subunit vaccine. toxoid vaccine. nucleic acid vaccine. conjugated vaccine. inactivated whole-agent vaccine.

Haemophilus capsule polysaccharide plus diphtheria toxoid is a(n) inactivated whole-agent vaccine. attenuated whole-agent vaccine. conjugated vaccine. subunit vaccine. toxoid vaccine.

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using live attenuated vaccines? They are usually safer than other types of vaccines. They are usually highly effective. They often produce a more complete type of immunity that includes both humoral and cell-mediated components. They often do not require boosters.

Vaccines are preparations of organisms or fractions of organisms that are used to induce protective immune responses. True False

An injection of "naked" DNA into muscle cells to induce an immune response against the proteins encoded by the DNA is an example of a subunit vaccine. True False

Patient's serum, influenza virus, and red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies against influenza virus? complement fixation hemagglutination-inhibition agglutination hemagglutination hemolysis

A reaction between antibody and particulate antigen is called a(n) agglutination reaction. complement fixation. immunofluorescence. neutralization reaction. precipitation reaction.

A test used to detect anti-Rickettsia antibodies in a patient's serum is the indirect fluorescent-antibody test. direct fluorescent-antibody test.