Airframe O&P ch 2& 3 Wood, Composite, and Transparent Plastic Structures – Flashcards
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Can protist reproduce both ways?
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yes, some alternate between generations while some depend on environment (like slime mold)
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What are the three forms of wood commonly used in aircraft construction?
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Solid, laminated, and plywood. JSAT 3-2
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What type of wood should be used when splicing or reinforcing plywood webs?
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The same type of plywood as originally used.JSAT 3-3, 3-17
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Name at least four different types of defects found in wood.
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Knots, checks, splits, pirch pockets, cross grain, curly grain, decay, dry rot,etc. JSAT 3-4
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Can a section of wood contining a hard knot be used?
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Yes, within specified limits. JSAT 3-5
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What type of glue may have been used in older wooden aircraft construction that requires careful inspection to detect deterioration?
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Casein glue. JSAT 3-6
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What are three types of glues used in modern aircraft construction and repair?
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Resorcinol glue, Phenol-formaldehyde glue, and epoxy resin glue. JSAT 3-6
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Is compression wood acceptable for structural repairs?
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No. JSAT 3-6
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Why should the various pieces of wood being joined be kept in the same room for at least 24 hours prior to joining?
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To allow the moisture content to equalize,there by mininmizing dimensional chanes in the wood. JSAT 3-7
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Why is it important to consider the open assebly time when gluing wooden structures?
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If the maximum open-assembly time is exceeded, the joint may fall since the glue ay befing setting up before the joint is asembled. JSAT 3-7
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Why is it important to apply the proper clamping pressue to a glue joint?
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Clamping forces air out of the joint, brings the wood surfaces together eenly and is, in part, resonsible for the strength of the glue line. JSAT 3-8
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Describe some of the methods used to apply pressure to glue joints.
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Clamps, nailing strips, power presses, brads, nails, and small screws. JSAT 3-8
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What minimum curing temperature should be observed when joining wood with various adhesives?
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70 degrees Fahrenheit or as specified by the glue manufacturer. JSAT 3-8
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When inspectin wood structures, why might it be important to consider stains and discolored areas?
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Stains and discoloration usually accompany decay and/or rot. JSAT 3-10
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Describe the acceptble methods use to repair elongated bolt holes found in a wooden wing spar.
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Remove the section contining the elongated hole(s) and splice in a new section or replace the entire spar. JSAT 3-11
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What type of joint is used to splice a solid or rectangular wood spar?
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A scarf joint JSAT 3-12
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In what areas are splices to a wood spar prohibited?
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Under an attachment fiting for the wing root, landing gear, engine-mount, lift, or inter-plane strut. JSAT3-12
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What is the maximum number of splices allowed for any single spar?
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Two JSAT 3-12
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Describe the characteristics of a scarf joint.
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The pieces to be joined are tapered or beveled on a slope of 1 to 10 or 1 to 12. JSAT 3-12
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Why must the beveled cut be accurate on both pieces of wood being repaired with a scarfed joint?
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The two pieces must match exactly to ensure a tight glue join JSAT 3-13
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What are the two primary uses for plywood in aircraft construction?
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Gusset (or reinforcing) plates and aircraft skin. JSAT 3-16
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Provide at least three types of plywood skin repairs.
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Splayed patches, surface patches, plug patches, and scarfed patches. JSAT 3-18
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What type of patch should be used to repair small holes in thin plywood skin if the skin is less than 1/10th inch thick?
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A splayed patch may be used if the hole can be cleared out to a diameter of less than 15 thicknesses of the skin. JSAT 3-18
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What should be done to prevent a plywood patch and the pressure plate from sticking together if glue is extruded from the joint?
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Place a piece of waxed paper or vinyl plastic between the patch and the pressure plate. JSAT 3-18
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Why are lightweight steel bushings sometimes used in wooden structures?
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Bushings prevent the wood from being crushed when bolts are tightened. AC 43.13-1B
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What is the purpose of large surface area washers when used on wooden structures?
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Large washers provide additonal bearing area for hardware to help preclude damage to the wood when the hardware is tightened AC 43.131B
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Name several facings and core materials used in bonded honeycomb sructures intended for special applications.
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Stainless teel, titanium, magnesium, plywood, glass, nylon, and cotton cloth. JSAT 3-31
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Describe the construction of a bonded honeycomb structure.
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It is a laminated structure thathas a solid facing bonded to either side of core consisting of open, six-sided cells.JSAT 3-32
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What ust be done with a damaged area in a bonded honeycomb structure prior to begining repairs?
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The damaged area must be completely removed. JSAT 3-49
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A drill bit used for drillin composites should have an included angle of how many degrees?
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135 degrees JSAT 3-42
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What are the most common causes for delamination of a composite structure?
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Sonic vibration, expnsion of internal moisture, liquid leakage, an a manufacturing error. JSAT 3-51
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What type of defect in, or damage to, a bonded honeycomb structure can be repaired using the potted repair method?
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Filling a hole. JSAT 3-57
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Name some of the factors that cause crazing in transparent plastic windows and windshields?
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Exposure to ultraviolet light, stress, solvents and improper handling. JSAT 3-63 3-68
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How should a hole be drilled in Plexiglass to avoid damage to the hole when the drill breaks through to the underside?
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Back up the plastic with a piece of wood and feed the drill slowly. JSAT 3-65
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What is the mjor type of damage to aluminum structures that is caused by exposure to the weather?
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Corrosion JSAT 2-13
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Name several methods for forming sheet metal?
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Bending or folding, streching, shrinking, bumping, and crimping. JSAT 2-29
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What are the dimensions of a properly formed rivet head?
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The head should be 1 1/2 times the shank diameter in width and 1/2 the shank diameter in height. JSAT 2-36
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Describe the markings found on the heads of A, B D, AD, and DD rivets.
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A rivets are plain, B rivets have a cross, D rivets have a raised dot, AD rivets have a dimple, and DD rivets have a double dash. JSAT 2-39
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What happens to the stem of a self-plugging (friction lock) rivet when the rivet is installed?
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The stem is pulled until it snaps off and the remaining projecting part is trimmed flush with the head. JSAT 2-40
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Name at least three types, of self-plugging mechanical lock rivets.
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CherryMax, CherryLock, Olympic-Locs, and Huck.JSAT 2-40
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What is the difference between the tools required to pull a CherryLock rivet and a CherryMax rivet?
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CherryLock rivets require a tool for each different size and head shape, while one pulling tool will set any size Cherry Max rivet. JSAT 2-41
