Agriculture Animal Domestication First Agricultural – Flashcards
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plant domestication
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genetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention
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second agricultural revolution
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dovetailing with and benefiting from the Industrial Revolution, improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce
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shifting cultivation
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A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.
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subsistance farming
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A type of farming in which farmers grow only enough food for their families to eat
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third agricultural revolution
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currently in progress, development of genetically modified organisms
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thunian patterns
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situations following Von Thunens model that organizes a citys into five rings by their agricultural function
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cadastral system
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survey system that determines the value, extent, and ownership of land for purposes of taxation.
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dispersed settlement
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characterized by a lower density of population and the wide spacing of individual homesteads.
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folk-housing region
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A region in which the housing stock predominantly reflects styles of building that are particular to the culture of the people who have long inhabited the area.
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functional differentiation
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A mode of distinguishing things or arrangements based on the purposes or activities to which they are devoted.
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hamlet
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a settlement smaller than a town
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long-lot survey
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divided land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals
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maladaptive diffusion
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diffusion in which image takes precedence over practicality (ie. ranch style house)
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metes and grounds survey
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Natural features were used to demarcate irregular parcels of land
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nucleated settlement
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a compact closely packed settlement sharply demarcated from adjoining farmland
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primogeniture
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right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son
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rectangular land survey
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System that was adopted by the U.S. Government & divides land into rectangular parcels
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township-and-range system
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a rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the US interior
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village
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a community of people smaller than a town
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wattle
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framework consisting of stakes interwoven with branches to form a fence
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agribusiness
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a large-scale farming enterprise
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biotechnology
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the branch of engineering science in which biological science is used to study the relation between workers and their environments
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commercial agriculture
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Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.
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green revolution
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the introduction of pesticides and high-yield grains and better management during the 1960s and 1970s which greatly increased agricultural productivity
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luxury crops
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Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco
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organic agriculture
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crops produced without the use of synthetic or industrially produced pesticides and fertilizers
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plantation agriculture
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Production system based on a large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop. Almost all plantations were established within the tropics; in recent decades, many have been divided into smaller holdings or reorganized as cooperatives
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agent
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infectious organism that causes disease
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aids
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a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles
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cholera
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an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food
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chronic disease
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a disease that develops gradually and continues over a long period of time
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contagious disease
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any disease easily transmitted by contact
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endemic
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native to or confined to a certain region
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epidemic
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a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease
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genetic disease
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a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically
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hidden hunger
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Getting enough calories but not enough nutrition.
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hosts
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the organism in which the parasite lives in or on.
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infectious disease
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a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact
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influenza
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an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease
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malaria
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an infective disease caused by sporozoan parasites that are transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito
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malnutrition
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a state of poor nutrition
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medical geography
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the study of health and diseases with geographic perspective.
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pandemic
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an epidemic that is geographically widespread
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reservoir
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anything (a person or animal or plant or substance) in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies
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vector
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any agent (person or animal or microorganism) that carries and transmits a disease
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yellow fever
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caused by a flavivirus transmitted by a mosquito
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