Adolescent Psyc – Flashcards
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The characteristics of the adolescent's self-understanding
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Differentiation, Fluctuating self, Contradictions within self, Real vs. Ideal, True vs. False self
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What is the "social mirror" for adolescents?
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Peers
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What is meant by the term narcissism and how it affect adolescents?
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self-centered, self-concerned approach toward others. Don't see how others perceive them
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What happens if teens never receive constructive criticism?
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Inflated self-esteem- don't know how to take criticism or handle competition
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What is the most powerful contributor to global self-esteem in adolescence?
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Physical appearance
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What are the two core ingredients in Erikson's theory of identity development?
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Personality and role experimentation
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James Marcia's theory
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Identity diffusion (no crisis, no commitment), Identity foreclosure (commitment, no crisis), Identity moratorium (crisis, no commitment), Identity achievement. (crisis and commitment)
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Positive ethnic identity is linked to what?
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Higher self-esteem, connectedness, positive outcomes for ethnic minorities
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What are Erikson's stages for adolescence?
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Identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation
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Emotional competence includes which skills?
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Aware of emotions, adapting, understanding inner emotional states, discernment of other's feelings
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Explain the differences between self-esteem and self-concept.
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Self-esteem is global, self-concept is domain oriented
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High self-esteem and school performance
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self-esteem leads to initiative but little correlation between performance
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What do adolescents to do protect the self?
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Deny negative traits, minimize, and boost positive traits
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What are some of the ways that the text lists as means to improve the self-esteem of adolescents and emerging adults?
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Understand how students learn, help show them how they can succeed, foster achievement, identify the causes of low self-esteem and the domains of competence important to the self, provide emotional support and social approval.
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Which of the following parenting styles has been associated with fostering identity achievement?
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Authoritarian
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Anatomy is destiny. Said who? What is it?
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Freud and Erikson
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TV shows and gender
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TV shows perpetuate gender stereotypes both good and bad
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Gender schema theory
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gender-typing emerges as children and adolescents gradually develop gender schema of what is gender-appropriate in culture.
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Social Cognitive theory
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children's and adolescents' gender development is influenced by their observation and imitation of others gender behavior, as well as by the rewards and punishments they experience for gender-appropriate actions.
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Instrumental and Expressive traits
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Instrumental- male traits such as fixing, aggressive Expressive- female traits such as discussing a problem, relationships
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Androgyny
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Having both male and female traits
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What influences gender development?
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Media, stereotypes, culture, puberty, siblings, peers
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Which adolescent girls are most at risk for engaging in sexual activity?
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Those who start puberty early
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What are the average ages for marriage in the United States for male and female?
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men: 28 women: 26
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Understand the current use of contraceptives for adolescents.
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Many sexually active adolescents don't use contraceptives, or use them inconsistently. Younger adolescence are less likely than older to take contraceptive precautions.
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Daughters of teenage mothers are at increased risk for what?
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Teen pregnancy
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What are the situations adolescent mothers face?
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Baby born premature and have low birth weight, mothers often drop out of school, uninvolved father
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What is typical of most adolescent fathers?
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Lower SES (socio economic status), leave, pay child support
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List at least four risk factors associated with sexual activity.
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Lack self regulation, attention problems, STD, and increase risk behaviors (such as drugs and alcohol abuse)
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How does the Cycle of Grace function?
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Acceptance (identity in Christ, he faced rejection), sustaining strength (Christ replenished his spirit every day), significance (not only what we do, but who we are), achievement (He did it from grace).
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From the longitudinal research that was done on the relationship between temperament in childhood and adjustment in adolescence, what can you conclude?
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studies reveal some continuity between certain aspects of temperament in childhood and adjustment in early adulthood
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What happens if youth from different ethnic backgrounds are unable to effectively navigate among their different worlds?
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Youth will start to drifting and not know where their identity lies.
