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View of Human Nature

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Humans are motivated primarily by social relatedness rather than by sexual urges Behavior is purposeful and goal-directed

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Inferiority feelings

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motivate us to strive for mastery, success (superiority), and completion; We are driven to overcome our sense of inferiority and to strive for increasingly higher levels of development

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Phenomenological

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attempt to view the world from the client's subjective frame of reference; subjective experience

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Individual Psychology

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All dimensions of a person are interconnected components, and all of these components are unified by the individual's movement toward a life goal

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Holistic concept

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we cannot be understood in parts; rather, all aspects of ourselves must be understood in relationship to the socially embedded contexts of family, culture, school, and work The human personality becomes unified through development of a life goal

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Teleological

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forward looking; important to know where people are striving to go as it is to know their past

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Fictional Finalism=Guiding Self-Ideal=Goal of Perfection

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an imagined life goal that guides a person's behavior represents an individual's image of a goal of perfection, for which he or she strives in any given situation "guiding ideals"

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Lifestyle

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our perceptions regarding self, others, and the world, which includes the connecting themes and rules of interaction that give meaning to our actions organizes client's reality, gives meaning to life. Style of life (life style) analysis is usually done as a part of their assessment, either formally or informally. This assessment usually includes eliciting information about the client's childhood family constellation and asking the client for early recollections

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Social Interest

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the action line of one's community feeling, and it involves being as concerned about others as one is about oneself contribute to something bigger than oneself Central indicator of mental health → as social interest develops, feelings of inferiority and alienation diminish

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Therapeutic Procedure

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Phase 1: Establish the Relationship - Person to person contact; client's subjective experience Phase 2: Assessing Psychological Dynamics - Lifestyle Assessment - Objective and Subjective Interviews - Family Constellation - Early Recollections - Basic Mistakes - Integration and Summary Phase 3: Self-Understanding and Insight - hidden purposes and goals of behavior are made conscious - Interpretation Phase 4: Reorientation and Reeducation - putting insights into practice - develop the courage to take risks and make changes

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Subjective vs Objective Interview

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Subjective interview: the counselor helps the client tell his or her life story as completely as possible; "What would you be doing differently, if you did not have this symptom or problem?" Objective interview: seeks to discover information about - How problems in the client's life began - Any precipitating events - A medical history - Social history - The reasons the client chose therapy at this time - Lifestyle assessment

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Family Constellation

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Family conditions, birth order, parental relationship, family values

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Early Recollections

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client's earliest memories, including the age of the person at the time of the remembered events and the feelings or reactions associated with the recollections. Projective assessment whereby clients share memories of specific childhood events. Early memories are thought to be invented, selected, and altered by the individual to reflect current attitudes and perspectives

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Interpretation

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client's' underlying motives for behaving the way they do in the here and now

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Encouragement

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"to build courage"

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Safeguarding Tendencies

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all based on striving for superiority (which is all about me myself and i and lacks social interest); used to protect feelings of superiority only people striving toward superiority experience safeguarding tendencies

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Depreciation

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self or others, intolerance false modesty that is intended for others to build you up OR always putting others down, finding their faults

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Standstill

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not trying to move toward ones goals "stuck" (if you're not trying, then you're not failing)

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Withdrawal

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suicide, phobias

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Hesitation

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vacillate, procrastinate "someday..." (Once I get out there and try i'll be great, but i'm not ready yet)

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Excuses

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if only" and "yes, but"

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Blame

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always somebody else's fault (nothing is ever your fault so it protects your feeling of superiority )

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4 stages

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Engagement: The therapist and client agree to collaborate on the problem at hand and create an alliance. Assessment: The therapist takes the client's history, including early recollections and birth order influences; more traditional assessment tools may also be used (e.g., Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), Insight: The therapist helps the client see his or her situation or role differently. Reorientation: The therapist gives the client activities to do outside of therapy that will reinforce this insight or create further insight.

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ACTING 'AS IF'

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Professional counselors ask clients to begin acting as if they were already the person they would like to be

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CATCHING ONESELF

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Encouraging clients to recognize behaviors contributing to their presenting problem(s) on their own.Clients may initially catch themselves too late and fall into old patterns of behavior; however, with practice, clients can learn to anticipate situations, recognize when their thoughts and perceptions are becoming self-defeating, and take steps to modify their thinking and behavior.

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PROCESS OF ENCOURAGEMENT

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Encouragement is a vital element in every phase of counseling. Relationship: Cooperative, collaborative, egalitarian, optimistic, and respectful. Assessment and Insight: Illuminating strengths helping clients understand their power to choose and change. Reorientation: Promoting change by stimulating the client's courage to change.

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TASKS OF LIFE

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View of Self, Others, and The World with regard to: Work (School, Occupation, Satisfaction) Social (Relationships and Belonging) Intimacy (Role, Partnership, Development) Self- Spirituality (Meaning Making)

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STAGES OF CHANGE: PROCESS OF CHANGE

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Awareness-oriented approaches Stages 1-3 Action-oriented approaches Stages 3-5 Common Factors of Successful Outcomes Relationship Building Skills Encouragement Taking a Not Knowing Position

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ADLERIAN COUNSELING Four Phases

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(1)Forming a Relationship Caring Interest / Listening with the eyes Informed Consent Hearing The Story (2)Psychological Investigation (Assessment) Lifestyle Assessment Conceptualization Listening for Meaning (3)Psychological Disclosure/Interpretation (Insight) Tentative Suggestions Collaboration and Challenge (4)Re-orientation and Re-education Reframing Old Experiences, Patterns, and Messages Creating New Experiences

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Four phases Adlerian Process

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1. Establishing the proper therapeutic relationship. 2. Exploring the psychological dynamic operation in the client 3. Encouraging the development of self-understanding 4. Helping the client make new choices

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1. Establishing the proper therapeutic relationship

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The main techniques are attending and listening with empathy, following the subjective experience or the client as closely as possible, identifying and clarifying goals and suggesting initial hunches about purpose in clients symptoms, actions and interactions.

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2. Exploring the psychological dynamics operating in the client:

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Consist of 1. subjective interview- the client tells his/her story and the therapist is listening for purpose aspects of the clients coping and approaches to life. 2. Objective interview-seeks to discover information about a. how problems in the client's life began b. any precipitating events c. a medical history, including current and past medications d. a social history e. the reasons the client chose therapy a this time f. the person's coping with life tasks g. a lifestyle assessment.

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3. Encouraging the development of self-understanding

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consist of well timed interpretations and techniques that facilitate the process of gaining insight

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4. Helping the client make new choices

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action oriented phase. Encouragement, change and the search for new possibilityies.

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3 universal life task

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1. building friendships (social task) 2. establishing intimacy (love-marriage task) 3. contributing to society (occupational task) two added 4. getting along with ourselves (self-acceptance) 5. developing a spiritual dimension ( include values). These life tasks are so fundamental to human living that dysfunction in one of these is often an indicator of a psychological disorder.

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Avoiding Traps

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the therapist's efforts to avoid reinforcing clients' destructive behavior patterns

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Basic Mistakes

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self-defeating beliefs (such as an extreme need for securitiy, unattainable goals, and doubting one's worth) that influence the formation of one's personality

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Catching Oneself

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the client's process of becoming more aware of self-destructive behavior, irrational thoughts, and anticipating events before they happen

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Convictions

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the results of life experiences

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Courage

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the ability to take risks

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Encouragement

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the process used in therapy to help clients reach realisticc goals by using all their resources, recognizig their positive traits, and transforming negative traits into postive assets.

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Family Constellations

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"pictures" of family dynamics and relationships

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Fictional Finalism

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the ideal image one sees oneself becoming; one's ultimate goal

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Holism

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the viewing of one's personality as a whole

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Immediacy

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dealing with the present moment in the counseling process

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Individual Psychology

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the uniqueness and unity of the individual

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Individuality

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the way we develop our own style of striving for competences

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Inferiority feelings

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the negative feeling one have about oneself. These feelings can be both real and imagined

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Life Tasks

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the life work of all humans to attain a satifying lifestyle

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Lifestyle

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the way in which one perceives life and upon which the personality is formed

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Motivational Modification

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the therapist's interest in helping clients to want to change their negative lifestyle goals and challenging their basic negative concepts

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Paradoxical intention

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the technique characterized by helping the client invoke exaggerated debilitating thoughts and behaviors , and accept and conquer his or her resistance, thus becoming more aware of his or her behavior and accepting responsibility for the consequences of that behavior

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Phenomenological Orientation

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the technique of the therapist that attempts to veiw the world from the client's point of view

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Priorities

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a coping method used to obtain satisfaction in life. By pointing out a client's priorities the therapist hopes to help the client realize the feelings invoked in others and the price the client pays by clinging to these negative priorities

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Private Logic

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the central psychological framework of the client; the philosophy upon which one bases one's lifestyle, including basic mistakes and faulty assumptions that often do not conform to reality

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Push

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Button - a technique that teaches the client that he or she can control his or her thoughts and feelings

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Social Interest

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the attitude a client has regarding society; a sense of empathy and identification with the larger community

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Spitting in the Client's Soup

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a technique that reduces the usefulness of a client's manipulative behavior. By pointing out the manipulation, the therapist effectively defeats the client's anticipated results of the manipulation

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Striving for Superiority

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the desire the become competent and perfect, also known as the "growth force"

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Task Setting and Commitment

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the technique taught to the client to formulate realistic, attainable goals that can be revised if necessary

Adlerian Therapy-Alfred Adler – Flashcards

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