Adlerian Theory Flashcard
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Counselor's Primary Role -
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Educational. Help clients understand mistaken beliefs
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Which of the statements below is true regarding the usefulness of the Adlerian approach with diverse populations? a. the emphasis on social interest is particularly appropriate for cultures that value family and community over individuality. b. The emphasis on spirituality is consistent with values in many traditional cultures and ethnic groups. c. The emphasis on childhood experiences and memories may not seem relevant to people who do not share the dominant Western assumption that these event shape a person's personality. d. All of the above
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(d) is the correct answer
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An Adlerian counselor is going to assess a client's life style. Which of the following statements best describes the life style, style of life or style of living? a. how a person characteristically responds to others and the environment b. a person's fundamental beliefs about what is valuable in life, what is ideal, and what is to be avoided c. the self, personality, unity of the personality, individuality, method of facing problems, opinion of self, view of life problems, and general attitude towards life d. all of the above
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(d) is the correct answer
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If an Adlerian counselor made the statement "The upside of worrying is that you tend to be good with details," she would be doing what to encourage clients?
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Reframing
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Adler put considerable emphasis on a person's family constellation with an emphasis on birth order. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. the sibling closest in age and most similar is the sibling that most affects how one defines the self b. birth order is an important variable in understanding human behavior c. a person's subjective interpretation of the family constellation has an impact on their style of life d. Research over the years has not yielded a definite answer to how birth order affects development
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(a) is the correct answer
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Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about the process of promoting insight in Adlerian work? a. Adlerians collaboratively work with their clients to find meaningful interpretations of client motivations b. Adlerians rely on the counselor's objective perspective to determine the correct interpretation c. Adlerians use insight as an impetus to take action and make changes d. Adlerians offer possible interpretations of behavior by underlying motivations for problems
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(b) is the correct answer
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How long and what orientation (past, present, or future) is the counseling Process:
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- Brief - fewer than 20 sessions -Present and future oriented ( some assessment of past) - Directive
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Counselors use ____________ to help clients move toward goals?
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Encouragement
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The Process:
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Early recollections Family Constellation Sibling Position Style of Life
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Viewed humans as SOCIAL CREATURES striving for
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superiority and betterment of self
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Problems and difficulties:
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faulty interpretations and mistaken notions cause problems and difficulties
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Counseling aims to correct:
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basic mistakes (early assumptions about life) Enabling to consciously choose a new style of life
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Adler's work laid the foundation for most forms of modern counseling:
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humanistic, CBT, feminist, group counseling and education, etc
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Holistic view:
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Person must be seen holistically
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Social Factor:
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Social environment is a factor that influences personality
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Choice:
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People have choices. Past does not determine future
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Social Motivation:
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People are motivated by social connections "social interest," not instinctual drives. Social interest + pro social behavior = psychological health
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Teleological and goal oriented:
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Views behavior as purposeful and goal oriented.
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Biological inferiority:
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based on the need to form groups for physical survival - promotes social interest
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Cosmic inferiority:
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recognizing death and limitations of human existence - promotes social interest
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Personal inferiority:
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feeling less powerful, able or valued than others, not belonging to community - inhibits social interest
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Adlerian Counseling involves 4 stages: Phase 1: Establish and Egalitarian Relationship
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-making warm, positive connection with client -focus on strengths, abilities, better ways to cope -improve sense of belonging -become meaningful contributors to the community
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Adlerian Counseling involves 4 stages: Phase 2: Assess life style and private logic
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Assess level of social interest Style of Life: private logic Family constellation and sibling position Early recollections DSM Diagnosis
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Adlerian Counseling involves 4 stages: Phase 3: Encourage insight and self understanding
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Help client gain better self-understanding prompt insight as impetus and source of positive motivation to take action and make changes Offer possible interpretations Collaborate with clients to find useful, meaningful interpretations of client motivations
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Adlerian Counseling involves 4 stages: Phase 4: Educate and reorientate
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Involves TAKING ACTION! Counselors challenge clients to develop courage to make life changes bases on their insights Person must reorient to life by correcting basic mistakes in the style of life
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ENCOURAGEMENT
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Most distinguishing element Adlerians are optimistic about helping their clients resolve their problems and believe clients CAN improve their lives and encourage them to do so. Warmth, honesty, practicality.
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Egalitarian Relationship:
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clients allow to maintain a sense of agency and choice. Helper is not superior.
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EMPATHY AND SOCIAL INTEREST
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-Counselors should be role models for social interest. Link Adler's concept of encouragement to Roger's unconditional positive regard- valuing clients
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DIRECTIVE
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-Adlerian counselors are directive in the form of education: providing helpful information. They educate with enthusiasm and hope.
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THE VIEWING: CASE CONCEPTUALIZATION - LIFESTYLE ASSESSMENT
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Adler used the style of life liberally to refer to the self, personality, unity of personality, individuality, method of facing problems, opinion of self, view of problems, and general attitude toward life. When a client is confronted with difficulties, only then his style of life appears clearly. Style of life becomes fixed by age 5 - general research supports this claim
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During a lifestyle assessment following areas are assessed:
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Parenting style Family constellation and birth Early recollections Basic mistakes Organ inferiority or physical weak points The Question: function of symptom Dreams
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Parenting Style:
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Concerned about pampering and neglecting the child. Pampering has more negative effects because the child does not thrive as an adult Neglect- the child will pursue self-improvement
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Birth Order: Oldest child:
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Center of attention, relates well with adults, assume social responsibility, develops socially appropriate forms of coping, strive for superiority.
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Birth Order: Second child:
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Less responsible, more independent, more demanding, strives to be number one, creates sibling rivalry, , some give up in discouragement, some are socially productive even though they are motivated by the mistaken belief that their value comes from their achievements.
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Birth Order: Middle Child:
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more independent, sensitive, rebellious, directly ask parents for reassurance of their love, learn to be skilled mediators, cope well with social stress, and learn from the mistakes of others.
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Birth Order: Youngest Child:
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enjoys being center of attention, charming, manipulative, avidly seek life's pleasures, may become hardest working of all to prove their place and ultimate worth.
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Birth Order: Only Child:
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inducted into the adult world early, becoming responsible, cooperative, and mature for their age, hard time relating to their peers and sharing.
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EARLY RECOLLECTIONS
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Person's earliest clear memory of an event or situation Reveals client's values and life more generally Need 3 events minimum to identify a pattern
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BASIC MISTAKES ARE:
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Faulty assumptions that develop in childhood as children make sense of their experiences such as loneliness, trauma, parental anger, and loss. Involves seeing life in either black or white terms and this quickly leads to feelings of inferiority.
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5 TYPES OF BASIC MISTAKES
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OVERGENERALIZATIONS - exaggerate truths FALSE OR IMPOSSIBLE GOALS OF SECURITY - Try to remove all risk from life MISPERCEPTIONS OF LIFE AND LIFE'S DEMANDS - not understanding the inescapable rules of life - ex: people die, kindness does matter MINIMIZATION OR DENIAL OF ONE'S BASIC WORTH - ex: why would anyone want to love me FAULTY VALUES - ex: if I am successful enough people will have to love me
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ORGAN INFERIORITY
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OR Physical weak points in the body. (It's the physical parallel to Basic Mistake) - Actual physical problems or belief that one is physically inferior ex: comparing oneself to an airbrushed supermodel
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DREAM ANALYSIS
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Like Freud, Adler believed this provided insight Unlike Freud- Adler did not relate it to sexual wishes - He believed the meaning of the dream was specific to the dreamer and he did not determine the final interpretation of the dream Used dreams to analyze client's style of life and determine solutions to problems
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What is : THE QUESTION
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" WHAT WOULD BE DIFFERENT IN YOUR LIFE IF YOU DIDN'T HAVE THIS PROBLEM?" Is used to assess underlying purpose and need for symptom.
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LIFE TASKS AND SOCIAL INTEREST Assessment involves identifying social interest in 6 life tasks
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Work Communal life and friendship Love relationships Self-acceptance Spirituality Parenting A balanced life requires successful involvement in all these. Goals should be written for each area in tx plan.
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DSM DIAGNOSIS
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Alder did not use diagnostic classification. Contemporary Adlerians do.
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DEVELOPING ADLERIAN GOAL STATEMENTS
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Early phase goals: address initial crisis symptom Working phase goals: reduce symptoms related to presenting problem, increase social interest and functioning closely related to problem Closing phase goals: increase social interest and functioning in other key areas
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What is the Predominant type of intervention:
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PSYCHOEDUCATION AND TASK SETTING Adlerians use psychoeducation in all phases of counseling Provide clients with psychological information that they can use to change their thoughts, feelings and behavior Set up specific tasks
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HOMEWORK
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Tasks to be completed in between sessions. Used as a follow up to psychoeducation. Ex: Go on one date a week with your wife.
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SELF-CONCEPT STATEMENTS- STATEMENTS CLIENTS MAKE THAT REVEAL HOW THEY SEE THEMSELVES 3 Types of Self-Statements
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Inferiority-based self statements: self-concept falls short of personal self-ideal- I am stupid Inadequacy-Based self statements: self concept falls short of cultural values Guilt-based self statements: self-concept falls short of moral beliefs - I am bad
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ANTISUGGESTION Paradoxical technique:
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forcing the symptom the client gains more control over it Ex: I want you to set aside 10 minutes every morning to worry even if you do not want to
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SPITTING IN THE SOUP- COUNSELING TECHNIQUE
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Finding the benefits and hidden powers of having a symptom ex: The one benefit of having depression is that now your whole family is paying more attention to you.
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COUPLES AND FAMILIES
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Adlerian was perhaps the first family counseling approach Brief Adlerian approach to couples counseling involves 4 steps Relationship: both couples feel heard and understood Assessment: Helps them understand their style of lives Insight: Using assessment information, Counselor provides insight Reorientation: Take action after they have insight
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Other Interventions include:
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Natural and Logical Consequences Reframing Interpretation of symptoms
