question

If a person exhibits persistently dysfunctional thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, the person may have a(n) _____ disorder.

answer

psychological

question

A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is found in the _____.

answer

DSM-IV-TR

question

According to a study in 2004 by the World Health Organization, the lowest rate of reported mental disorders was in the city of _____.

answer

Shanghai

question

Depression is:

answer

the most common reason people seek mental health services.

question

The American Psychiatric Association classified homosexuality as an illness until the year _____.

answer

1973

question

General medical conditions belong on DSM-IV-TR Axis _____.

answer

III

question

The symptoms of major _____ begin to appear at a median age of about 25.

answer

depression

question

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with:

answer

a manic episode.

question

An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by:

answer

a biopsychosocial approach.

question

_____ conducted a famous study examining the biasing power of diagnostic labels.

answer

David Rosenhan

question

The symptoms of phobias begin to appear at a median age of about:

answer

10.

question

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter _____ is most likely to be associated with a manic episode.

answer

norepinephrine

question

Homosexuality was classified as an illness by the APA until:

answer

1973.

question

Personality disorders and "mental retardation" belong on which DSM-IV-TR axis?

answer

Axis II

question

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from any mental disorder in 2008 was:

answer

26.2.

question

Shawn has a fraternal twin who was recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Research suggests that the chances are about _____ that Shawn will also suffer from bipolar disorder at some point in his life.

answer

2 in 10

question

Historically, there have been a variety of models used to explain psychological disorders. The _____ model assumes that mental disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed and treated.

answer

medical

question

Personality disorders and _____ belong on DSM-IV-TR Axis II.

answer

mental retardation

question

The National Institute of Mental Health estimates that approximately _____ percent of adult Americans suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year.

answer

26

question

At some point during their lifetime, depressive disorders have plagued about _____ percent of Canadian adults and 17 percent of U.S. adults.

answer

12

question

An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by a(n) _____ approach.

answer

biopsychosocial

question

Disorders of a clinical nature such as schizophrenia belong on DSM-IV-TR Axis _____.

answer

I

question

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from schizophrenia in 2008 was:

answer

1.1.

question

Depression affects women and men in a ratio of:

answer

2:1.

question

_____ is characterized by one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

answer

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

question

_____ conducted a study examining the biasing power of diagnostic labels.

answer

Rosenhan

question

The symptoms of antisocial personality disorder begin to appear at a median age of about:

answer

8.

question

A depressive disorder is characterized by:

answer

a persistently sad mood and low energy level.

question

Who insisted that madness was not "demon possession" but a sickness of the mind caused by severe stresses and inhumane conditions?

answer

Philippe Pinel

question

Your professor asks you on which DSM-IV-TR axis bipolar disorder would fall. You answer:

answer

Axis I.

question

The symptoms of alcohol dependency begin to appear at a median age of about:

answer

20.

question

The brains of people who suffer from depression tend to have low levels of _____.

answer

serotonin

question

The _____ classified homosexuality as a mental illness until 1973.

answer

American Psychiatric Association

question

Disorders of a clinical nature such as schizophrenia belong on which DSM-IV-TR axis?

answer

Axis I

question

According to a study in 2004 by the World Health Organization, the nation with the highest rate of reported mental disorders was _____.

answer

the United States

question

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with a(n) _____ episode.

answer

manic

question

_____ insisted that madness was not "demon possession" but a sickness of the mind caused by severe stresses and inhumane conditions.

answer

Philippe Pinel

question

General medical conditions belong on which DSM-IV-TR axis?

answer

Axis III

question

The symptoms of bipolar disorder begin to appear at a median age of about:

answer

20.

question

Tyler has a fraternal twin who was recently diagnosed with _____ disorder. Research suggests that the chances are about 2 in 10 that Tyler will also suffer from this disorder at some point in his life.

answer

bipolar

question

_____ hyperactivity disorder is diagnosed three times more often in boys than in girls.

answer

Attention-deficit

question

In one study, Riskind et al. (1987) found that psychologists agreed on patients' DSM diagnoses 83 percent of the time. The consistency of these DSM diagnoses means that the DSM is _____.

answer

reliable

question

According to a study in 2004 by the World Health Organization, the lowest rate of reported mental disorders was in:

answer

Shanghai.

question

The brains of people who suffer from depression tend to have low levels of:

answer

serotonin.

question

In a study in 1973 that examined the biasing power of _____ labels, researchers went to mental hospital admissions offices and complained of "hearing voices" saying empty, hollow, and thud. This was the only complaint they reported, and they displayed no other symptoms. They were admitted and released an average of 19 days later.

answer

diagnostic

question

The symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder begin to appear at a median age of about:

answer

20.

question

The brains of people who suffer from _____ tend to have low levels of serotonin.

answer

depression

question

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is diagnosed _____ times more often in boys than in girls.

answer

three

question

n a study in 1973 that examined the biasing power of diagnostic labels, researchers went to mental hospital admissions offices and complained of "hearing voices" saying empty, hollow, and thud. This was the only complaint they reported, and they displayed no other symptoms. They were admitted and released an average of _____ days later.

answer

19

question

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from ADHD in 2008 was:

answer

4.1.

question

At some point during their lifetime, depressive disorders have plagued 12 percent of Canadian adults and _____ percent of U.S. adults.

answer

17

question

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of:

answer

the medical model.

question

Psychosocial or environmental stressors belong on which DSM-IV-TR axis?

answer

Axis IV

question

According to a study in 2004 by the World Health Organization, the highest rate of reported mental disorders was in:

answer

the United States.

question

Threat is to _____ as loss is to _____.

answer

anxiety; depression

question

_____ disorder is characterized by one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

answer

Attention-deficit hyperactivity

question

David Rosenhan and colleagues conducted a study examining the biasing power of diagnostic labels. They went to mental hospital admissions offices and complained of "hearing voices" saying empty, hollow, and thud. This was the only complaint they reported, and they displayed no other symptoms. They were all:

answer

diagnosed as mentally ill and the causes for their disorders were "discovered."

question

The symptoms of schizophrenia begin to appear at a median age of about:

answer

20.

question

The _____ perspective has linked the experience of depression with learned helplessness.

answer

social-cognitive

question

According to psychologists and psychiatrists, a behavior is considered to be _____ if it is distressful and dysfunctional.

answer

disordered

question

David Rosenhan conducted a study examining the biasing power of diagnostic _____.

answer

labels

question

According to one study cited in the text, immigrants to _____ from Mexico, Africa, and Asia average better mental health than their native counterparts.

answer

the United States

question

How does bipolar disorder differ from major depressive disorder?

answer

Bipolar disorder is often more disruptive of normal functioning than is depressive disorder.

question

In _____, a person exhibits significant dysfunction in their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

answer

a psychological disorder

question

In a study in 1973 that examined the _____ power of diagnostic labels, researchers went to mental hospital admissions offices and complained of "hearing voices" saying empty, hollow, and thud. This was the only complaint they reported, and they displayed no other symptoms. They were admitted and released an average of 19 days later.

answer

biasing

question

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from a mood disorder in 2008 was:

answer

9.5.

question

Billy has an identical twin who was recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Research suggests that the chances are about _____ that Billy will also suffer from bipolar disorder at some point in his life.

answer

7 in 10

question

The _____ and _____ are two major systems used to classify psychological disorders.

answer

DSM-IV-TR; ICD

question

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from PTSD in 2008 was:

answer

3.5.

question

According to the World Health Organization, a depressive episode plagues about _____ percent of women in any given year.

answer

9.5

question

Around the world, people may experience the same genetically-based disorder quite differently, depending on their personal expectations and their cultural definition of abnormality. This best illustrates the need for what kind of approach?

answer

a biopsychosocial perspective

question

Your professor asks you on what DSM-IV-TR axis diabetes would fall. You answer Axis _____.

answer

III

question

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from OCD in 2008 was:

answer

1.0.

question

These days, Adam is sleeping very little. He seems full of energy and enthusiasm and his extreme optimism has led him to take foolish risks. He lost a lot of money, for instance, betting on a horse that he was sure would win. Adam may be in a _____ state.

answer

manic

question

Naima washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is afraid of the germs that seem to be everywhere, and her hand-washing interferes with her job. Rana washes her hands about 50 times a day because, as a nurse practitioner, it is an important part of her job. Why does Naima's hand washing indicate a psychological disorder while Rana's does not?

answer

Rana's behavior does not cause her distress nor dysfunction.

question

Rana's behavior does not cause her distress nor dysfunction.

answer

Axis III.

question

The National Institute of Mental Health estimates that just over 1 in _____ of adult Americans suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year.

answer

4

question

Anxiety is to _____ as threat is to loss.

answer

depression

question

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of:

answer

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

question

A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is found in the:

answer

DSM-IV-TR.

question

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from generalized anxiety in 2008 was:

answer

3.1.

question

At some point during their lifetime, _____ disorders have plagued 12 percent of Canadian adults and 17 percent of U.S. adults.

answer

depressive

question

Gena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Gena believes in the _____ model of psychological disorders.

answer

medical

question

The "immigrant paradox" is the finding that:

answer

recent immigrants have lower rates of psychological disorders than do native-born Americans of the same ethnic heritage.

question

_____ is a mental disorder most likely to lead to poverty.

answer

Schizophrenia

question

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from social phobia in 2008 was:

answer

6.8.

question

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from _____ in 2008 was 3.1 percent.

answer

generalized anxiety

question

In one study, Riskind et al. (1987) found that psychologists agreed on patients' DSM diagnoses 83 percent of the time. The consistency of these DSM diagnoses means that the DSM is:

answer

reliable.

question

A large pharmaceutical company is conducting a clinical trial for a new antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder. It is concerned with the efficacy and safety of the new medication. Its perspective is most aligned with the _____ model.

answer

medical

question

Stressful thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are more likely to be considered disordered when also judged to be _____.

answer

maladaptive

question

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from a phobia of a specific object or situation in 2008 was:

answer

8.7.

question

Finn has been diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Which of the following behaviors will Finn probably NOT be exhibiting?

answer

severe aggression

question

John is a patient who reports significant anger, hostility, and overall disregard for people. He has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. His personality disorder belongs on which DSM-IV-TR axis?

answer

Axis II

question

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of the _____ model.

answer

medical

question

Vanna is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system most often used in the U.S., she should read the _____.

answer

DSM-IV-TR

question

Personality disorders are to Axis II as _____ are to Axis I.

answer

clinical syndromes

question

Personality disorders are to _____ as clinical syndromes are to _____.

answer

Axis II; Axis I

question

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from _____ in 2008 was 6.8 percent.

answer

social phobia

question

Dysfunctional behaviors are more likely to be considered disordered when also judged to be:

answer

distressful.

question

Personality disorders are to ____ as clinical syndromes are to Axis I.

answer

Axis II

question

One study cited in your text (Costello et al., 2003) tracked rates of behavior problems among Native American children in North Carolina over time. After four years, children whose families had moved _____ the poverty line exhibited a 40 percent _____in the behavior problems.

answer

above; decrease

question

After study participants were told that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases like "passive type" or "frightened of his own impulses." This study best illustrates the:

answer

biasing power of diagnostic labels.

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