Acids and Bases key terms – Flashcards
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| alkaline |
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| the solution formed when a base completley dissociates in water to yield aqueous OH- ions |
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| arrhenius acid |
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| a chemical compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions, H+, in aqueous solutions |
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| arrhenius base |
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| a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions, OH-, in aqueous solutions |
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| binary acid |
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| an acid that contains only two different elements: hydrogen and one of the more electronegtive elements |
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| oxyacid |
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| an acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element, usually a nonmetal |
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| strong acid |
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| one that ionizes completley in aqueous solutions |
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| weak acids |
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| acids that are weak electrolytes |
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| amphoteric |
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| any species that can react as either an acid or a base |
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| Bronsted-Lowry acid |
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| is a molecule or ion that is a proton donor |
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| Bronsted-Lowry Base |
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| is a molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor |
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| Bronsted-Lowry Acid-base reactions |
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| protons are transferred from one reactant (the acid) to another (the base) |
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| monoprotic acid |
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| an acid that can donate only one proton (hydrogen ion) per molecule |
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| polyprotic acid |
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| ana tom that can donate more than one proton per molecule |
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| diprotic acid |
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| can donate two protons per molecule |
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| triprotic acid |
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| an acid able to donate three protons per molecule |
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| Lewis acid |
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| an atom, ion, or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond |
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| Lewis base |
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| an atom, ion, or molecule that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond |
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| Lewis acid-base reaction |
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| the formation of one or more covalent bonds between an electron-pair donor and electron pair acceptor |
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| conjugate base |
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| the species left after a Bronsted-Lowry acid has given up a proton |
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| Conjugate acid |
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| species left after a Bronsted-Lowry base gains a proton |
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| neutralization |
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| the reaction of hydronium ions and hyroxide ions to form water molecules |
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| salt |
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| ionic compound composed of a cation rom a base and an anion from an acid |
