Four D’s Of Abnormality – Flashcards
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Psychopathology
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The scientific study of psychological disorders
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Psychological Disorder
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a dysfunction that is associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected
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What are the four D's of Abnormality and what do they mean?
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1) Dysfunction- breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning 2) Distress- problems for self and others (individual is extremely upset) 3) Deviance- unusualness/ context or culture societal violation 4) Dangerousness (ONCE CONSIDERED DANGEROUS, YOU CAN BE COMMITTED)
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What is one big thing that defines abnormality?
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Culture
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There is no sharp distinction between abnormal and normal. Each factor rests on a _______
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Continuum (some are extremely abnormal and others are not as abnormal)
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Prototype
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"typical" profile of a disorder -A patient may have only some symptoms of the disorder and still meet the criteria for the disorder because those symptoms are close to this
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What are the three major categories that make up the study and discussion of psychological disorders?
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1) clinical description - distinguish significant disfunction from common human experience - Describe prevalence, onset, course, prognosis 2) Causation - what contributes to the development of psychopathology 3) Treatment and Outcome
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Etiology
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study of origins, has to do with why a disorder begins and includes biological, psychological and social dimensions of a disorder
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Describe Scientist-Practitioners
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- adoption of scientific methods to learn more about psychological disorders -Everything is based on Science -Find what works and use it
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Clinical Description
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Details of the combination of BEHAVIORS, THOUGHTS, and FEELINGS of an individual that make up a particular disorder
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Course
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Pattern of development and change of a disorder over time
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Prognosis
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Predicted development of a disorder over time
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What are the three major models that have guided us in viewing abnormal behavior (Etiology/Causation)
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1) Supernatural Tradition 2) Biological Model 3) Psychological Model
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Supernatural Model
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1) Evil spirits -exorcism, abusive treatment, trephination (drill hole in head) 2) Affliction from the gods (doomed from beginning) 3) Witchcraft
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Mass hysteria
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demonstrates the phenomenon of emotion contagion, in which the experience of an emotion seems to spread to those around us (aka MOB PSYCHOLOGY)
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Who coined the word hysteria
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Hippocrates *what is now identified as a somatoform disorder (no physical cause can be found)
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Describe Hippocrates' greatest accomplishment
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FIRST PERSON TO MOVE PAST SPIRIT ASPECT AND TOWARD BIOLOGICAL ASPECT **linked abnormality with brain chemical imbalances and foreshadowed modern views
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Who was John P. Grey
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"Champion" of the biological tradition who believed the causes of insanity were always physical and mental patients should be treated as if they were physically ill
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Who was Emil Kraepelin?
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(BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE) he was one of the first to distinguish among various psychological disorders, seeing that each may have different age of onset, different symptoms, and different causes
