A & P Exam 2 Glands, Skin Cancer, and Burns – Flashcards
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One of two sweat glands. Occur in the groin, anal region, axilla, and areola, and in mature males, in the beard area. Ducts lead to nearby hair follicles. Produce sweat that is thicker, milky, and contains fatty acids. Scent glands that respond to stress and sexual stimulation. Develop at puberty.
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Apocrine sweat glands
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merocrine sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands, ceruminous glands, and mammory glands
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Glands of the skin
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secreted only by apocrine sweat glands. chemicals that influence the physiology of behavior of other members of the species
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Pheromones
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body odor (B.O.) produced by bacterial action on fatty acids
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Bromidrosis
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most numerous skin glands- 3-4 million in adult skin. Especially abundant on the palms, soles, and forehead. Simple tubular glands with a twisted coil in the dermis or hypodermis, and an undulating or coiled duct leading to a sweat pore on the skin surface. Watery perspiration that helps cool the body.
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Merocrine sweat glands
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specialized cells found in both apocrine and merocrine sweat glands amid the secretory cells at the deep end of the gland. Contract in response to stimulation by sympathetic nervous system and squeeze perspiration up the duct. Particuarly under conditions of overheating, nervousness, or arousal.
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Myoepithelial cells
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protein-free filtrate of blood plasma produced by deep secretory portion of gland. Pottasium idons, urea, lactic acid, ammonia, and some sodium chloride remain in this with most sodium chloride reabsorbed by duct. Some drugs are also excreted in this.
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Sweat
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pH range of water
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4-6
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inhibits bacterial growth
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Acid mantle
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500 mL/day of sweat. Does not produce visible wetness of skin.
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Insensible perspiration
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sweating with wetness of the skin. With exercise may lose 1 L of sweat per hour
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Diaphoresis
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Glands of the skin that produce sebum with short ducts that usually open into a hair follicle. Flask-shaped. Some may open directly onto the skin surface.
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Sebaceous Glands
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oily secretion produced by sebaceous glands. Keeps the hair from becoming dry, brittle, and cracked.
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Sebum
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Simple, coiled tubular glands with ducts that lead to skin surface. Found only in external ear canal. Secretion combines with sebum and dead epithelial cells to form earwax (cerumen).
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Ceruminous Glands
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Secretion of combined sebum and dead epidermal cells. Keeps the eardrum pliable, waterproofs the canal, kills bacteria, and coats the gaurd hairs of the ear, making them sticky and more effective in blocking foreign particles from entering the canal.
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Cerumen
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milk-producing glands that develop with the female breast during pregnancy and lactation. Are modified apocrine sweat glands that produce a richer secretion and channel it through ducts to a nipple for more efficient conveyance to offspring.
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Mammary Glands
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induced by UV rays of sun. Most often on head and neck. Most common in fair-skinned people and the elderly. Easiest to treat. Has high survival rate if detected early.
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skin cancer
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Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma
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Types of skin cancer
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Most common type of skin cancer. Least dangerous because it seldom mestasizes. Forms from cells in stratum basale. Lesion is small, shiny bump with central depression and beaded edges.
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Basal cell carcinoma
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Type of skin cancer to arise form keratinocytes from stratum spinosum. Lesions usually appear on scalp, ears, lower lip, or back of hand. Have raised, reddened, scaly appearance later forming a concave ulcer. Chance of recovery good with early detection and surgical removal. Tends to metastasize to lymph nodes and may become lethal.
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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skin cancer that arises from melanocytes; often in a preexisting mole. Less that 5% of skin cancers, but most deadly form. Treated surgically if caught early. Metastasizes rapidly; unresponsive to chemotherapy; usually fatal.
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Milignant melanoma
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assymmetry, borders, color, diameter (>6mm), evolving. Way to identify melanoma
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ABCDE
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familial history of malignant melanoma. High incidence in men, redheads, and people who experience severe sunburn in childhood.
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Melanoma risk factors
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leading cause of accidental death. Usually caused by fires, kitchen spills, or excessively hot bath water, but they also can be caused by sunlight, ionizing radiation, strong acids and bases, or electrical shock. Deaths usually result from fluid loss, infection, and the toxic effects of eschar
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Burns
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burned, dead tissue
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Eschar
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partial thickness burn; involves only the epidermis. Marked by redness, slight edema, and pain. Heals in a few days. Most sunburns are first-degree burns.
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first-degree burn
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partial-thickness burn; involves the epidermis and part of the dermis. Leaves part of the dermis intact. Two weeks to several months to heal and may leave scars. Blistered and very painful.
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Second-degree burn
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full-thickness burn; the epidermis and all of the dermis, and often some deeper tissues (muscles or bones) are destroyed. Often requires skin grafts. Needs fluid replacement and infection control.
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Third degree burn
