A & P 1 Chapter 3-4 nw – Flashcards
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the two types of genes that when abnormal cause cancer are
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tumor suppressors and oncogenes
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in the DNA damage response
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repair enzymes replaced mismatched nucleotides in DNA
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cellular adhesion molecules are
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peripheral protein
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which of the following transport process does not require expenditure of cellular energy
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facilitated diffusion
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a protein that spans the cell membrane is termed a
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integral protein
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the frame work of a cell membrane is a lipid bilayer. T or F
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True
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the structures in the nucleus that serve as a "mitotic clock" are
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telomeres
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which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes?
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they are most active at temperatures above 53 degrees c
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In cellular respiration
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energy is released from molecules and is transferred to other molecules
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In the DNA damage response
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repair enzymes replace mismatched nucleotides in DNA
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The sequence of organelles and cell parts involved in milk secretion
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nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, cell membrane
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as a cell grows
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its surface area increases to a lesser degree than its volume
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releasing the energy in glucose molecules is an example of catabolism? T or F
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True
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lucky people who cannot be infected with HIV are protected because
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their cells lack receptors that admit the virus
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the molecule that an enzyme affects is its
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substrate
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the anaerobic reactions of cellular respiration take place in the
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cytoplasm
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three factors that increase the rates of enzyme-controlled reactions are the
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number of enzyme molecules, number of substrate molecules, and efficiency of the enzyme
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the average number or divisions that a human cell cultured in a dish can undergo is
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40-60
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The main function of cristae is to
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increase the surface area for chemical reactions
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each individual has her or his own genetic code? T or F
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False
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An isotonic solution
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has the same osmotic pressure as the cells in the solution
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which of the nitrogenous bases is part of RNA but not DNA
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Uracil
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If one strand of DNA has the sequence TCAGGCTATTCCCG then the complementary sequence of the other strand is
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AGTCCGATAAGGGC
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About how many cells comprise the body of an adult
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50 to 100 trillion
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the major components of the cell membrane are
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lipids and proteins
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oxidation during cellular respiration differs from burning in that respiration
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uses enzymes to lower the activation energy
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a molecule that is common to carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways and connects these two pathways metabolically is
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acetyl coenzyme a
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An active site of an enzyme is
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the part of an enzyme that combines with a substrate
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humans require vitamins in their diets because these nutrients
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act as coenzymes
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the correspondence between a unit of DNA information and an amino acid is the genetic
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code
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DNA molecules are in the nucleus
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complexed with protein, forming chromatin fibers
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During apoptosis
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the cell can no longer adhere to other cells
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a molecule that carries energy in a form the cell can use is
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ATP
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DNA profiling
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compares the most variable parts of the genome for a variety of applications
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what do these steps describe? substrate and enzyme combine forming an E-S complex. the reaction occurs products are released and the unchanged enzyme is released and recycled
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The basic steps of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
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which of the following is true
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much of the genome does not encode proteins
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a selective permeable membrane
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allows some substances to pass through and excludes others
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which of the following transport processes does not require expenditure of cellular energy?
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Facilitated diffusion
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Codons are part of
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mRNA
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"Metabolism" refers to
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all of the chemical reactions in a cell
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during metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes first condense and become visible when stained and viewed under a microscope? T or F
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False
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The average number of divisions that a human cell cultured in a dish can undergo is
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40-60
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the function of the nucleus is to
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direct the activities of the cell
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Arsenic poisoning harms the body by
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interfering with cellular extraction of energy from glucose
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filtration is the movement of molecules through a membrane
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by hydrostatic pressure that is greater on one side of the membrane than on the other
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chromosomes duplicate during
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interphase
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which DNA sequence can encode the amino acid sequence ile-asp-ser-cys-his-tyr? (Pg. 140 in lecture book)
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TAACTGTCGACGGTGATG
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The cellular abnormality that causes cystic fibrosis is
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abnormal chloride channels that trap salt inside cells lining the lung passageways
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A young man who ran 6 miles a day throughout high school is injured during his first season running cross country in college, and must rest for three months, then gradually begin exercising again, the skeletal muscle size in his lower limbs decreases during this prolonged period of inactivity. the organelles that break down his muscle protein are
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lysosomes
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RNA sequence for A is
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U
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DNA sequence for A is
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T
