question

Money supply

answer

capital

question

Production method using rural at-home workers

answer

cottage industry

question

Invention that improved thread production

answer

spinning jenny

question

Governmental ownership and control of production

answer

socialism

question

Seekers of new business opportunities

answer

entrepreneurs

question

The Industrial Revolution created new jobs in ____________

answer

coal mining, railroad construction, and factory production

question

The spread of the factory system resulted in increased exports of ____________

answer

British cotton goods

question

The steam engine, used to drive machinery, was improved by _______________

answer

James Watt

question

The textile industry met its last major challenge to full mechanization with the development of ______________

answer

improvements to the steam engine

question

__________, an economic system based on industrial production, rose during the Industrial Revolution and produced an industrial middle class

answer

Industrial capitalism

question

Henry Cort developed a process for making a better quality of iron. This process was known as ________

answer

puddling

question

Public ownership of the means of production under socialism was meant to result in an equitable distribution of __________

answer

wealth

question

The _______ was the most important innovation of the Industrial Revolution because it transformed both farm production and the transportation system

answer

steam engine

question

The world's first industrial nation was ______

answer

Great Britain

question

Right of powerful countries to maintain order throughout Europe

answer

principle of intervention

question

Voting rights for all adult men

answer

universal male suffrage

question

Collection of different peoples under the same government, as in the Austrian Empire

answer

multinational state

question

Belief that people should be as free as possible from government restraint

answer

liberalism

question

Belief in tradition and social stability

answer

conservatism

question

After Napoleon, France was governed until 1830 by ___________

answer

a king

question

In 1848 revolutions took place in _________, ___________, and __________

answer

France, The German States, and Italy

question

Metternich claimed, after Napoleon's defeat, that ____________

answer

lawful monarchs should be restored

question

The peace settlement that followed the defeat of Napoleon was developed at the ___________

answer

Congress of Vienna

question

Who was the first president of the Second Republic in France?

answer

Louis-Napoleon

question

In March 1848, demonstrations in the major cities of the Austrian Empire led to the dismissal of Klemens von ___________

answer

Metternich

question

Liberals believed that freedoms should be guaranteed by a written document like the American Bill of __________

answer

Rights

question

The Congress of Vienna recognized the existence of 38 independent states called the German ___________

answer

Confederation

question

The meeting of the great powers to maintain peace after Napoleon's defeat came to be called the ____________ of Europe

answer

Concert

question

The provisional government, after the French monarchy was overthrown in 1848, called for a Constituent ____________

answer

Assembly

question

Withdraw from or choose not to be part of

answer

secede

question

Emperor

answer

kaiser

question

Law that freed Russian serfs

answer

emancipation edict

question

Reliance on military strength

answer

militarism

question

Bismarck's theory of practical, as opposed to idealistic, governance

answer

realpolitik

question

Bismarck faced opposition from ______________

answer

the legislature

question

Britain avoided any form of revolution in 1848 by ____________

answer

giving the industrial middle class the vote

question

Louis-Napoleon assumed the title of Napoleon III, Emperor of France, and at first he ___________

answer

limited civil liberties

question

What did The Compromise of 1867 do?

answer

allow Germans within the empire to vote

question

What was a major threat to American national unity during the nineteenth century?

answer

slavery

question

After the Franco-Prussian War, France gave the provinces of ____________ and Lorraine to the new German state

answer

Alsace

question

The economy of the Southern states in the U.S. before the 1860s was dependent on ___________ labor

answer

slave

question

The longest reign in English history was that of Queen _____________ from 1837 to 1901

answer

Victoria

question

The Russian peasants, "freed" by Alexander II's emancipation edict, soon discovered that they did not have enough good ____________

answer

land

question

The U.S. Constitution committed the United States to the principles of _____________ and liberalism

answer

nationalism

question

Literary movement that stressed ordinary characters and precise description

answer

realism

question

Indifference to religion in the affairs of the world

answer

secularization

question

Theory that life forms develop from simpler forms

answer

organic evolution

question

Theory that some organisms are more adaptable

answer

natural selection

question

Emphasis on using feelings and emotions over reason

answer

romanticism

question

Louis Pasteur proposed the _________

answer

germ theory of disease

question

Romantic painters aimed to mirror ___________

answer

the artist's imagination

question

The realist novels of Flaubert and Dickens criticized aspects of ____________

answer

nineteenth-century life

question

Through music, literature, and painting, the romantic artists attempted to ____________

answer

stir the emotions

question

What do the writers Walter Scott, Mary Shelley, Edgar Allen Poe, and William Wordsworth have in common?

answer

they were all romantic writers

question

T/F Beethoven was clearly a devotee of the classical, as opposed to the romantic, framework of music

answer

False

question

T/F Darwin argued that human beings had their origins in simpler animal forms of life

answer

True

question

T/F Many romantics felt that industrialization would bring people closer to nature

answer

False

question

T/F Romanticism was a reaction against the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason

answer

True

question

T/F The neo-Gothic style was a romantic revival of medieval architecture

answer

True

question

T/F Alexander Graham Bell sent the first radio waves across the Atlantic

answer

False

question

One form of Marxist socialism was eventually called ____________

answer

communism

question

The Second International was an _____________

answer

association of socialist groups

question

T/F Electric lights helped increase factory production by allowing night shifts

answer

True

question

Organized work stoppages called by unions

answer

strikes

question

Engine type fired by oil and gasoline

answer

internal-combustion

question

Absolute governmental power by an individual or a group

answer

dictatorship

question

Marxists who rejected violent revolution

answer

revisionists

question

The working class

answer

proletariat

question

According to Marx, the means of production were owned by the _____________

answer

ruling class oppressors

question

The Second Industrial Revolution was made possible by __________, _________, __________, and ___________

answer

steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum

question

T/F Wilbur and Orville Wright made the first flight in a fixed-wing airplane

answer

True

question

T/F By 1914, unions had improved the lives and working conditions of the working classes

answer

True

question

T/F Marx championed the cause of the bourgeoisie, or middle, class

answer

False

question

The little-industrialized nations of southern and eastern Europe provided __________ and ___________ for the industrial countries

answer

food and raw materials

question

Workers without training or experience

answer

unskilled labor

question

The right to vote

answer

suffrage

question

Movement for women's rights

answer

feminism

question

The ability to read

answer

literacy

question

Central institution of middle-class life

answer

the family

question

Compulsory elementary education eventually created a new demand for __________, ___________, and _____________

answer

newspapers, teachers, and female colleges

question

Public education helped make people

answer

more patriotic

question

The European middle classes tended to believe in the ideals of _____________ and ________________

answer

hard work and moral etiquette

question

The new wealthy elite in Europe consisted of aristocrats, _____________, ______________, and ______________

answer

industrialists, bankers, and merchants

question

Urban populations grew for

answer

a. improved living conditions helped people survive living close together b. medical workers and building inspectors watched for hazards c. more jobs brought people to the cities

question

Between 1890 and 1914, higher-paying jobs in industry made it possible for working-class families to depend on the income of ____________ alone

answer

husbands

question

Florence Nightingale and Clara Barton transformed ___________ into a profession of trained, middle-class women

answer

nursing

question

The ______________ opened the door to new jobs for women

answer

Second Industrial Revolution

question

The _____________ created customs surrounding the family Christmas, including the Yule log, tree, songs, and gift exchange

answer

Victorians

question

Throughout the 1800s, the _____________ declined, proving to be the most significant development in the modern family

answer

birthrate

question

Site of the "Bloody Sunday" Russian massacre

answer

St. Petersburg

question

French lower house

answer

Chamber of Deputies

question

Russian legislative assembly

answer

Duma

question

1907 alliance among Great Britain, France, and Russia

answer

Triple Entente

question

German lower house

answer

Reichstag

question

Great Britain had a two-party system by the late nineteenth century. What were the parties?

answer

Liberals and Conservatives

question

Russia opposed Austria-Hungary over the 1908 annexation of ___________

answer

Bosnia

question

The members of the Triple Alliance were _____________, ______________, and ____________

answer

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

question

The principle of ministerial responsibility states that the prime minister is responsible to the ____________

answer

legislative, not executive, body

question

The strongest power in Europe by 1888 was __________

answer

Germany

question

T/F By the end of 1918, all British adult males and women over age 21 could vote

answer

False

question

T/F Conservative forces during the reign of German emperor William II supported democratic reforms

answer

False

question

T/F In 1875, a new constitution created France's Second Republic

answer

False

question

T/F Russia's Nicholas II was a devout reformer and democratic champion of his people

answer

False

question

T/F The working class in Great Britain tended to support the Liberal Party

answer

True

question

Art movement that rejected traditional styles

answer

modernism

question

Hostility and discrimination directed at Jews

answer

anti-Semitism

question

Idea that social progress comes from survival of the strong and fit

answer

Social Darwinism

question

Scientific method pioneered by Freud

answer

psychoanalysis

question

Organized massacres

answer

pogroms

question

According to Freud, human experience was strongly determined by __________

answer

past experiences

question

Einstein's theories led to what conclusions?:

answer

a. time and space depend on matter b. matter is a form of energy c. the atom contains vast energies

question

Einstein's theory of relativity stated that ___________

answer

space and time are relative to the observer

question

Scientific discoveries in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries increased ________________

answer

uncertainty about the universe

question

What do Monet, Renoir, Morisot, and van Gogh have in common?

answer

They were all impressionist or postimpressionist painters

question

_________ concluded that matter is just another form of energy

answer

Einstein

question

Anti-Semitic feelings surfaced during the trial of French Captain Alfred ___________

answer

Dreyfus

question

Freud used ______________ to probe the past experiences and memories of a patient

answer

psychoanalysis

question

Marie Curie discovered that an element called ___________ gave off atomic energy

answer

radium

question

The ideas of Social Darwinism led Houston Stewart Chamberlain to believe that Germans were the only pure descendants of the ____________

answer

Aryans

question

______ is a system in which a society owns and controls some means of production, utilities, factories, and so forth

answer

socialism

question

The first public railway line ran for 32 miles from liverpool to _________

answer

Manchester

question

The Industrial Revolution began in _______ in the 1780s

answer

Great Britain

question

The Industrial Revolution brought with it _________, an economic system based on industrial production that created a new middle class

answer

industrial capitalism

question

The United States was a large country in the 1800s, and the development of _______ was most important for a good transportation system

answer

railroads

question

Henry Cort developed a process called puddling that was used to _________

answer

produce high-quality iron

question

When __________ made improvements to the steam engine, engines no longer needed to be located near rivers

answer

James Watt

question

In the 18th century, the weaving of cotton was done by individuals in their rural homes in a production method known as ___________

answer

cottage industry

question

When revolutionary forces in the Austrian Empire demanded a liberal constitution in 1848, _________

answer

within a year Austria had crushed all revolutions

question

______ is a political philosophy based on tradition and social stability

answer

conservatism

question

Nationalism became a popular force after the French Revolution, and from then on nationalists believed that ___________

answer

each nationality should have its own government

question

An all-German parliament, called the __________, was held to prepare a constitution for a new united Germany

answer

Frankfurt Assembly

question

What stated that lawful monarchs who had ruled before Napoleon would be restored to the throne?

answer

the principle of legitimacy

question

In _________, liberals overthrew the Bourbon monarch Charles X to establish a constitutional monarchy

answer

France

question

in 1848, a revolt broke out against the ________ in Lombardy and Venetia

answer

Austrians

question

After the failed revolution in Italy in 1848, people looked to the northern Italian state of ______ for leadership in achieving the unification of Italy

answer

Piedmont

question

What created the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary?

answer

the Compromise of 1867

question

As opinions over slavery and abolition grew more divided, on December 20, 1860, _________ became the first state to secede from the United States

answer

South Carolina

question

In an attempt to unify Italy, _________ raised an army of one thousand volunteers known as the Red Shirts

answer

Giuseppe Garibaldi

question

__________ issued an emancipation edict, freeing Russian Serfs

answer

Czar Alexander II

question

The Crimean War destroyed the Concert of Europe by ending the ___________

answer

alliance between Austria and Russia

question

_________ was the Prussian prime minister known for practicing the "politics of reality"

answer

Otto von Bismarck

question

After loosing the Franco-Prussian War, France had to pay 5 billion francs and give up the provinces of _________ and Lorraine to the new German state

answer

Alsace

question

Great Britain avoided revolutionary upheavals by maintaining economic growth and _________

answer

allowing members of the industrial middle class to vote

question

On January 18, 1871, ________ was proclaimed kaiser of the Second German Empire

answer

William I

question

Why did Europeans become increasingly secular?

answer

a growing faith in the benefits of science

question

Indifference or rejection of religion or religious consideration is called ___________

answer

secularization

question

The most famous artist of the realist school was _________

answer

Gustave Courbet

question

What was one of the values of the romantics?

answer

individuality

question

Darwin's idea that each kind of plant and animal has evolved over a long period of time from earlier simpler forms of life is called ________

answer

organic evolution

question

A British novelist who wrote realistic novels was _________

answer

Charles Dickens

question

This French scientist proposed the germ theory of disease

answer

Louis Pasteur

question

What artist bridged the gap between classical and romantic music?

answer

Ludwig van Beethoven

question

Which area of Europe remained agricultural after the Second Industrial Revolution?

answer

Spain

question

The ______ gave rise to ocean liners, airplanes, and the automobile

answer

development of the internal-combustion engine

question

_______ created the light bulb in Great Britain

answer

Joseph Swan

question

A _______ is a government in which a person or group has absolute power

answer

dictatorship

question

According to the Marxists, the ___________ were the oppressed

answer

proletariat

question

in 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first flight in a fixed-wing plane in _________

answer

North Carolina

question

Second industrial Revolution gave rise to ______, _________, and ________

answer

steel, electricity, and petroleum

question

The revolutionists and _______ rejected revolutionary socialism and worked for evolutionary socialism

answer

trade unions

question

______ was a nursing pioneer who founded the Female Association for the Care of the Poor and Sick in Hamburg

answer

Amalie Sieveking

question

The Women's Social and Political union used __________ to call attention to its demands

answer

unusual publicity stunts

question

Modern feminism is rooted in the _________, when some women advocated equality for women based on the doctrine of natural rights

answer

Enlightenment

question

Following the advice of _______, city governments created boards of health to improve the quality of housing

answer

reformers

question

The most significant development in the modern family was ________

answer

the decline in the birthrate

question

The new wealthy elite of the 19th century included ________, ________, and __________

answer

industrialists, bankers, and merchants

question

The ability to ______ was essential to the public health of the modern European City

answer

bring in clean water and expel sewage

question

The population of this city grew from 960,000 to 6,500,000 between 1800 and 1900

answer

London

question

Ministerial responsibility holds that the prime minister is responsible to the _________

answer

elected legislative body

question

By 1877, American settlers had gained control of the _______ industry of the Hawaiian Islands

answer

sugar

question

When the "Bloody Sunday" in 1905 caused workers to strike throughout Russia, Czar _________ was forced to grant civil liberties and create a legislative assembly

answer

Nicholas II

question

After the Balkan provinces of the Ottoman Empire had gained their freedom, Serbia became outraged at Austria when ________

answer

Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina

question

By 1871, Great Britain had a working two-party parliamentary system consisting of the ___________ Party and the ____________ Party, which alternated in power over the next 50 years

answer

Liberal Party, and the Conservative Party

question

An Alliance comprised of ________, _________, and _________, known as the Triple Entente, was established in 1907 to oppose the Triple Alliance

answer

Great Britain, Russia, and France

question

The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

answer

abolished slavery

question

The new French government consisted of a president and a legislature made up of two houses; the upper house was the _____a_____ and the lower house was the _____b______

answer

a. senate b. Chamber of Deputies

question

Hostility toward and discrimination against jews is called __________

answer

anti-Semitism

question

Which group of writers believed that art should function for its own sake?

answer

symbolists

question

__________ was an Austrian doctor who pioneered psychoanalysis, a method by which a therapist and patient can probe deeply into the patient's memory

answer

Sigmund Freud

question

Who pioneered the building of American homes with long geometric lines and overhanging roofs?

answer

Frank Lloyd Wright

question

What seems to have influenced cubist artwork?

answer

the theory of relativity

question

Applying Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to the human society in a radical way is called _________

answer

social Darwinism

question

__________ created a style called cubism, which used geometric designs to recreate reality in the viewer's mind

answer

Pablo Picasso

question

Who was the French scientist who discovered that the element radium gave off energy?

answer

Marie Curie

History CH 19 ; 20 Test – Flashcards

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