Foundations of Financial Management, Edition 15; Chapter 1 – Flashcards

Common stock, preferred stock, bonds, and retained earnings. It appears on the corporate balance sheet under long-term liabilities and equity.

Long-term productive assets (plant and equipment)

A theory that addresses the relative importance of debt and equity in the overall financing of the firm.

The phenomenon of prices increasing with the passage of time.

A leveling off or slowdown of price increases.

Securities that were created by financial institutions as insurance against borrowers defaulting on their loans.

The Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, passed by Congress in response to the financial crisis of 2007-2009

A form of organization that represents single-person ownership and offers the advantages of simplicity of decision making and low organizational and operating costs.

A form of ownership in which two or more partners are involved. Like the sole proprietorship, a partnership arrangement carries unlimited liability for the owners. However, there is only single taxation for the partners, an advantage over the corporate form of ownership.

An agreement between the partners in a business that specifies the ownership interest of each, the methods of distributing profits, and the means for withdrawing from the partnership.

A special form of partnership to limit liability for most of the partners. Under this arrangement, one or more partners are designated as general partners and have unlimited liability for the debts of the firm, while the other partners are designated as limited partners and are only liable for their initial contribution.

A form of ownership in which a separate legal entity is created. A corporation may sue or be sued, engage in contracts, and acquire property. It has a continual life and is not dependent on any one stockholder for maintaining its legal existence. A corporation is owned by stockholders who enjoy the privilege of limited liability. There is, however, the potential for double taxation in the corporate form of organization: the first time, at the corporate level in the form of profits; and again, at the stockholder level in the form of dividends.

A document that establishes a corporation and specifies the rights and limitations of the business entity.

A special corporate form of ownership, in which profit is taxed as direct income to the stockholders, and thus is only taxed once, as would be true of a partnership. The stockholders still receive all the organizational benefits of a corporation, including limited liability. The Sub-chapter S designation can apply only to corporations with up to 75 stockholders.

Not a corporation but like a corporation it provides limited liability for the owners. Can be taxed as sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations or S corporations, depending upon elections made by the owners.

This theory examines the relationship between the owners of the firm and the managers of the firm. While management has the responsibility for acting as the agent for the stockholders in pursuing their best interests, the key question considered is: How well does management perform this role?

Large investors such as pension funds or mutual funds.

An act that was intended to restore confidence in the financial markets by demanding accuracy in financial reporting.

Maximizing the wealth of the firm's shareholders through achieving the highest possible value for the firm in the marketplace. It is the overriding objective of the firm and should influence all decisions.

This occurs when someone has information that is not available to the public and then uses this information to profit from trading in a company's common stock.

The place of interaction for people, corporations, and institutions that either need money or have money to lend or invest.

Markets in which national, state, and local governments raise money for highways, education, welfare, and other public activities.

Markets in which corporations, in contrast to governmental units, raise funds.

Competitive markets for securities with maturities of one year or less. the best examples of money market instruments would be Treasury Bills, commercial paper, and negotiable certificates of deposit

Competitive Markets for equity securities or debt securities with maturities of more than one year. The best examples of capital market securities are common stock, bonds, and preferred stock.

The market for the raising of new funds as opposed to the trading of securities already in existence.

The market for securities that have already been issued. It is a market in which investors trade back and forth with each other.

Process that can take many forms in a corporation, such as changes in the capital structure (liability and equity on the balance sheet). It can also result in the selling of low-profit-margin divisions with the proceeds reinvested in better investment opportunities. Sometimes, restructuring results in the removal of the current management team or large reductions in the workforce. restructuring has also included mergers and acquisitions.