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European model

answer

humans as stewards of the land, the land and the animals on it can be owned by individuals. Hunteing and game only for the rich

question

7 Tenets of N Amer Wildlife Model

answer

1.Wildlife is held in the public trust 2. Eliminating commerce in dead wildlife 3. allocating wildlife use thru dnw (prevent Euro elite only access to wildlife) 4. hunting opportunity for all 5. wildlife may be killed only for legitimate reasons. (defend property, self defence, food, fur) 6. wildlife is an international resoure (migratory bird act, seal fur) 7. science is the basis for wildlife policy

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Low quality professional literature

answer

white papers (personal opinion newspapers grey literature magazines popular books scientific symposia- not peer reviewed

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Medium quality professional literature

answer

graduate theses, agency reports (usually based on good science, but not peer reviewed)

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High quality professional literature

answer

peer reviewed journal articles (open, blind, double blind) peer reviewed book chapters scientific symposia- peer reviewed book- treatise peer reviewed content on net (WSB, PloS ONE, Cons Ecology)

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Data Quality Act

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**Holdren memo on scientific integrity** peer review takes precedence over expert witnesses Office politics should not affect science published by agencies.

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Most important principle of WM ---?

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The resource comes first!!

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resource

answer

(as in Natural resource), the wildlife an the habitats upon which they depend used to be game spp (food or monetary value (fur)) today- all free living mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians (not invertebrates)

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wildlifer

answer

collective term for wildlife professionals

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Def. of Wildlife Management NOW

answer

...

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Def. of Wildlife Management evolved

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originally game spp, 1937- all vertebrates

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Era of Abundance 1598-1849

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went from being overwhelmed by wildlife to overwhelming wildlife and then trying to dealing with the loss of wildlife

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era of exploitation 1850-1899

answer

Intensive market hunting, some state rules made to help wildlife, temporary hunting season closures, wardens, hunting licenses begin to be used. By 1880 all states have game laws

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Geer vs Connecticut

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supreme court rules wildlife is the property of the state. water is owned by no one, oyster/clam beds under water half of time (tide) so owned by person or state?

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Lacey Act of 1900

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Outlaws interstate commerce of wildlife taken in violation of state law. Most powerful federal law.

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Era of Protection 1900-1929

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1840's hunting clubs started, against market hunting, more for fair kill

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Boone and Crockett Club

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stop the destruction of wildlife and habitats (especially the unrestricted slaughter of big game) - Conserve wildlife and wildlands that belong to the people

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John Muir (1863-1914)

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preservationist philosophy

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Wildlife administration

answer

coordination and management of people (biologists, administrators, accountants, lawyers, etc) who work to solve problems, perpetuate and protect the resource, manage physical plants, manage finances and human resources etc. under organizational policies

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Principle: WM is as much about managing people as it is about managing Wildlife

answer

people can try to do crazy things

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Who manages wildlife?

answer

All states, fed gov, NGOs, private landowners

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Policy

answer

an overall statement or plan embracing the general goals and acceptable procedures of the functioning body. set by governing boards, commissions, political bodies, or primary leaders

question

Principles of Public Trust Doctrine

answer

• Wildlife can be owned by no individual but is held in public trust by the state for all • The state has no power to delegate it s trust duties or transfer trust ownership to private concerns • The state has the duty to fulfill trust responsibilities (cannot sit idly by)

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Lacy Act (1900)

answer

• First federal law to protect wildlife • Interstate movement of wildlife taken in violation of state law • Amended many times

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Abby Dodge Decision (1912)

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• Issue: harvest of sponges in Florida • Supreme Court upheld state jurisdiction • First and last Supreme Court statement restricting role of federal government

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Professionalism

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The desired and expected characteristics of behavior exhibited by a professional wildlife biologist executing his or her duties on behalf of the agency or resource.

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Advocacy/Activism

answer

the overt or focused argument to achieve a particular outcome, usually to the exclusion of other potential outcomes

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Wildlife Science

answer

The application of the scientific method or [reliable] knowledge either to understand wildlife ecology or to help manage wildlife

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Science

answer

the organized acquisition and structuring of knowledge derived from observation, study, and experimentation for the purpose of determining the nature or principles of what is being studied

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Properties of Science

answer

Structured and Hierarchical Objective Transparent and Repeatable Fundamental goal - seek the truth by rejecting non-truth • Science proves nothing • [Scientists are imperfect]

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Hierarchy of science

answer

Idea question hypothesis- unproven supposition theory-hypothesis or set of hypotheses that has withstood substantial repeated scientific scrutiny

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Hierarchy of Research

answer

gestalt (experienced opinion) Trial and error (unorganized learning) Obersvational Research (correlational relationship) Experimental Research (cause and effect relationships)

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Experimental research

answer

strongest inference-most reliable knowledge hypothetico-deductive method uses randomization, replication, treatments, local control

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Observational research

answer

most wildlife research also called inductive research correlation variables covary statistical modeling to explain variation in the response variable

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Randomization

answer

equal probability of selection

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Replication

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the number of independent, random saples

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local control

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controls are parallel observations

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Accuracy

answer

the quality of an estimate made up of bias and precision

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Bias

answer

how far the average value of measurements are from the true value

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Precision

answer

the closeness of repeated measurements to each other measure of variation process variation sampling variation

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sampling unit

answer

the thing you take data on usually individual or plot (area)

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sample

answer

the collection of data you take from sampling units

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sample size

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number of independent sampling units in your sample

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sampling population (statistical population)

answer

the population from which the sample is taken this does not have to be a group of animals, can be a group of plots

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population unit

answer

the thing we want data about (individuals or plots)

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inference population

answer

the population to which your sample is informative

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biological population

answer

group of interbreeding organisms a functional group of interbreeding individuals of the same species whose members have more interaction with each other than with other groups of the same species

question

subitize

answer

to perceive at a glance the number of items presented, the limit for humans is about seven

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