MOD 7 Chapter 35 – Flashcards

A 4-year-old child is generally categorized as a(n): preschooler. toddler. school-age child. adolescent.

In general, a child is considered an adolescent when he reaches the age of ________ years. 9 7 12 4

The anterior fontanelle should be closed between the ages of ________ and ________. 3 months; 6 months 24 months; 36 months 6 months; 10 months 12 months; 18 months

A bulging fontanelle in a quietly resting child may be an indication of which of the following? Fever Dehydration Normal development Increased intracranial pressure

Which of the following should be considered by the EMT as a result of the proportionally larger size of a small child's head? Adaptations in positioning for cervical spine immobilization Different injury patterns than in adults Differences in positioning to maintain an open airway All of the above

Which of the following is a consideration in airway management in the pediatric patient? Keeping the nose clear of secretions The need to hyperextend the head to achieve an open airway Using blind finger sweeps to clear a foreign body from the airway All of the above

Because infants and small children rely more heavily on the diaphragm for breathing, respiratory distress can be detected by observing which one of the following signs that is not prominent in adults? Bulging of the intercostal spaces Use of the sternocleidomastoid muscles of the neck Movement of the abdomen with respiratory effort None of the above

What is the tendency for a frightened child to act younger than his age? Repression Regression Retreat Retraction

Which of the following would be an appropriate statement in gaining the cooperation of a 7-year-old pediatric patient during your assessment? "Joey, this is a splint that will help your arm feel better. I promise it won't hurt when I put your arm in it." "Big girls don't cry, Emily. You're a big girl, aren't you?" "I'm sorry Nick, but you can't see Mommy and Daddy until you let me take your blood pressure." "Katie, this is my stethoscope. I can use it to hear what your breathing sounds like. Would you like to look at it for a minute?"

Which of the following is a concern when dealing with an adolescent patient? The adolescent patient will generally be more truthful about what happened in front of his parents than in front of his peers. Physiologically, adolescents are very different from adults. The adolescent patient fears permanent disfigurement from injuries. Adolescents usually lack the sophistication to understand explanations of what you are doing and why.

All of the following are normal parental reactions to a child suffering from a sudden life-threatening illness or injury EXCEPT: anger. denial. indifference. guilt.

Careful assessment and ongoing evaluation of the pediatric patient is critical for which of the following reasons? Childhood injuries and illnesses as a result of abuse or neglect may be missed if the EMT is not thorough. Signs of significant illness and injury may be subtle and easily overlooked. A sick or injured child who initially appeared stable can deteriorate very rapidly. All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle? Appearance Breathing Circulation Abdomen

Which of the following is true regarding the EMT's approach to the pediatric patient? An EMT does not have to attempt to obtain a blood pressure on patients younger than 3 years old. It is not necessary to use Standard Precautions when dealing with pediatric patients. Scene safety is not an important consideration in the care of pediatric patients. It is not possible to develop an initial impression of the pediatric patient without a detailed physical examination.

Which of the following is NOT a normal response of a small child when approached by the EMT? Anxiety Indifference Fear None of the choices is a normal response.

You are assessing a 2-year-old child whose mother states she has had a fever for several hours. Which of the following signs is cause for concern? Crying Absence of nasal flaring with inhalation Grunting at the end of expiration Respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute

Capillary refill should be assessed in which of the following age groups? Younger than 6 years Younger than 1 year 2 years old and younger Younger than 12 years

Your patient is a 3-year-old male who developed sudden stridor while playing with some of his 5-year-old cousin's toys. The patient is alert and anxious, producing stridor when he cries. His skin is pink and warm, and capillary refill is less than 2 seconds. Which of the following is appropriate in the management of this child? Perform abdominal thrusts. Perform back blows and chest thrusts. Attempt a finger sweep to remove the foreign body from the child's airway. Transport the child in a restrained car seat with his mother by his side.

Your patient is a 6-month-old male who began choking while his babysitter was feeding him some sliced peaches. The child has retractions of his intercostal muscles, is drowsy, and is grayish in color. Which of the following is the BEST intervention for this patient? Use of a flow-restricted oxygen-powered ventilation device Back slaps and chest thrusts Abdominal thrusts Blow-by oxygen at 10 to 15 liters per minute

Artificial ventilations for a 5-year-old child should be provided at a rate of ________ per minute. 24/28 28/32 12/20 22/26

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of shock in infants and children? Heart failure Blood loss Infection Dehydration

Which of the following is an indication of shock in an infant or small child? Capillary refill greater than 2 seconds Absence of tears when crying Not producing wet diapers All of the above

Which of the following is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in the pediatric patient? Hypoglycemia Congenital heart defects Ventricular fibrillation Respiratory failure

Your patient is a 3-year-old child who is in severe respiratory distress. She is cyanotic and responds only to painful stimuli. According to the patient's mother, the child had complained of a sore throat earlier and has had a fever since early in the morning. Which of the following is the BEST course of action? Perform abdominal thrusts and finger sweeps; attempt to ventilate. Suction the airway. Insert an oropharyngeal airway and begin bag-valve-mask ventilations with supplemental oxygen. Begin gentle ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen.

Which of the following is a sign of the most severe respiratory distress in a 1-year-old pediatric patient? Wheezing Decreased muscle tone Respiratory rate greater than 60 All of the above

Your patient is a 2-year-old female who has suffered a seizure but does not have a previous history of seizures. The patient's father states that the child has been pulling at her ear and has had a fever. They were getting ready to leave for a doctor's appointment when the child had a brief seizure. The patient is drowsy and has hot, flushed skin. Which of the following is recommended in the prehospital management of this patient? Sponge the child's back and arms with rubbing alcohol. Place ice packs in the armpits, groin, and around the head. Remove the child's clothing down to her underpants or diaper. Cover the child with a towel soaked in ice water.

Which of the following is the MOST common cause of seizures in infants and children? Hypoglycemia Hypoxia Fever Poisoning

Which of the following is NOT a cause of altered mental status in the pediatric patient? Traumatic brain injury Diabetes Dementia Infection

Which of the following is the MOST common cause of death in children? Environmental emergencies Poisonings Trauma Infectious disease

Which of the following should increase your suspicion of child abuse? Indications of alcohol and/or drug abuse in the home Improperly healed fractures, resulting in deformity of extremities Bruises on the back and/or buttocks in various stages of healing All of the above

For the EMT who has cared for a pediatric patient in tragic circumstances, which of the following would be an appropriate way of dealing with stress accompanying the experience? Get together with others who participated in the care of the child and unwind with some alcoholic beverages. Talk to a compassionate coworker who has had similar experiences in the past. Vent your rage in a letter to the person responsible for the child's circumstances. Put the incident out of your mind and don't talk about it.

Which of the following is characteristic of preschool-age children? They may believe their injury is a punishment for being bad. They do not mind being separated from their parents. They have few fears of anything. They are not especially embarrassed or modest about body exposure.

Which of the following is NOT likely to be a cause of respiratory distress in a 2-year-old child? Epiglottitis A cold Foreign body airway obstruction Emphysema

Which of the following is an early sign of respiratory distress in an 18-month-old patient? Wheezing Heart rate of 60 beats per minute Drowsiness Respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute

Which of the following is LEAST common in a child struck by a vehicle? Spinal injuries Abdominal injuries Upper-extremity injuries Head injuries