question

Principles are

answer

specific and pervasive boundaries for behavior that are universal and absolute

question

Social responsibility

answer

an organization's obligation to maximize its positive effects and minimize its negative effects on stakeholder's

question

The __________ was/were enacted to restore confidence in financial reporting and business ethics after the accounting scandals of the early 2000's.

answer

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

question

The term business ethics is best described by the following statement:

answer

It comprises the principles, values, and standards that guide behavior in the world of business.

question

Which of the following is not one of the rights spelled out by John F. Kennedy in his "Consumer's Bill of Rights"?

answer

The right to be ethical

question

During the 1990s the institutionalization of business ethics was largely driven by which piece of legislation?

answer

Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations

question

Business ethics, as a field, has passed through which of the following states?

answer

Theological discussion to recognition of social issues to a field of study

question

The 1960's saw a rise of consumerism. What consumerism?

answer

Activities undertaken by independent individuals, and groups to protect their rights as consumers.

question

Ethics is a part of decision making

answer

at all levels of work and management

question

Which of the following was developed in the 1980's to guide corporate support for ethical conduct by established a method for discussing best practices?

answer

Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and Conduct

question

The _____________ focus(es) on firms taking actions to prevent and detect business misconduct in cooperation with government regulation.

answer

Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organization

question

The study of business ethics is important to better understand all of the following except

answer

that business ethics is entirely an extension of an individual's own personal ethics

question

According to the rule of ethical culture in performance, all of these are drivers of profit except

answer

opportunity for misconduct

question

More than a compliance program, business ethics is becoming

answer

a management issue to achieve competitive advantage

question

Having acceptable personal ethics is probably not going to be sufficient to handle complex business ethical issues when an individual has

answer

limited business experience

question

One of the major ethical issues President Obama's administration focused on was

answer

health care and consumer protection

question

Which of the following is generally not considered a business ethic issue?

answer

Type of government

question

Which represented a far-reaching change to organizational control and accounting systems, making securities fraud a criminal offense?

answer

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

question

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act outlawed

answer

bribery of officials in other countries

question

Which of the following was not a provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?

answer

It outlawed bribery of officials in other countries

question

Because of Sarbanes-Oxley, publicly traded companies must develop __________ to assist in maintaining transparency in financial reporting.

answer

code of ethics

question

__________ is essential in building long-term relationships between businesses and consumers.

answer

Trust

question

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

answer

was designed to make the financial services industry more responsible.

question

In the Reagan/Bush eras, the major focus of the business world was on

answer

self-regulation rather than regulation by government.

question

The six principles of Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and Conduct became the foundation for

answer

the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations.

question

Ethical culture is defines as

answer

the character of the decision-making process that employees use to determine whether their responses to ethical issues are right or wrong based on values and norms.

question

The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations set the tone for organizational ethics compliance programs by

answer

codifying into law incentives for organizations to take action such as developing ethical compliance programs to prevent misconduct.

question

Which of the following is not cited as an example of a global collaborative effort to establish standards of business conduct?

answer

United States Sentencing Commission

question

Most organizations with strong ethical climates usually focus on the core value of placing _____

answer

customers'

question

Which of the following is not something a firm might do to encourage organizational ethics and compliance?

answer

Ignoring potential ethical issues

question

Which of the following statements about the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations is false?

answer

They use a routine mechanical approach that forces all firms to use the same means to avert serious penalties.

question

Which of the following is not one of the benefits of being ethical and socially responsible in business?

answer

A high degree of employee discount

question

Employees' perceptions of their firm as having an ethical climate leads to

answer

enhanced performance

question

Employees fell less pressure to compromise ethically, observe less misconduct are more satisfied with their organizations, and feel more valued when

answer

they see honesty, respect, and trust applied in the workplace

question

Investors are concerned about business ethics because they know that misconduct can

answer

lower stock value and prices.

question

Stakeholders' power over businesses stems from their

answer

ability to withdraw or withhold resources

question

Those who have a claim in some aspect of a firm's products, operations, markets, industry, and outcomes are known as

answer

stakeholders

question

Which of the following do not typically engage in transactions with a company and thus are not essential for its survival?

answer

Secondary stakeholders

question

A firm that makes use of a ___ recognizes other stakeholders beyond investors, employees, and suppliers, and explicitly acknowledges the two-way dialog that exists between firm's internal and external environments.

answer

stakeholders interaction model

question

The degree to which a firm understands and addresses stakeholder demands can be referred to as

answer

a stakeholder orientation

question

Which of the following industries tends to generate a high level of trust from consumers and stakeholders?

answer

Technology

question

Which of the following is not a benefit that primary stakeholders tend to provide to organizations?

answer

Pro-bono bookeeping

question

A stakeholder group that is absolutely necessary for a firm's survival is defined as

answer

primary

question

When unethical acts are discovered in a firm, in most instances

answer

there was knowing cooperation or complicity from within the company

question

Which of the following is not a method typically employed by firms when researching relevant stakeholder group?

answer

Guessing

question

A stakeholder orientation can be viewed as a(n)

answer

continuum

question

Shareholders provide resources to an organization that are critical to long term success. Which of the following does the book suggest that suppliers offer?

answer

Material resources and/or intangible knowledge

question

Which of the following is not associated with the stakeholder interaction model?

answer

Identifies the mass media, special interest groups, competitors, and trade associations as primary stakeholders.

question

The first of the three activities that are associated with the stakeholder orientation is the

answer

organization-wide generation of data

question

Public health and safety and support of local organizations are issues most relevant to which stakeholder group?

answer

Community

question

Minimizing the use of energy and reducing emissions and waste are issues of importance to which stakeholder?

answer

Environmental groups

question

The idea that the mission of business is to produce goods and services at a profit, thus maximizing its contribution to society is associated with

answer

Milton Friedman

question

The originator of the idea of the invisible hand, which is a fundamental concept in free market capitalism, was

answer

Adam Smith

question

Some economists believe that if companies address economic and legal issues, they are satisfying the demands of society, and that trying to anticipate and meet additional needs would be almost impossible. Which economist's theory are they following most closely with this belief?

answer

Milton Friedman

question

_____ argued that, although profits are required for business, profit is not the primary purpose of business.

answer

Theodore Levitt

question

Who argued that when a business also cares about the well-being of stakeholders, it earns trust and cooperation that ultimately reduce costs and increase productivity?

answer

Norman Bowie

question

Enlightened capitalism is associated with which individual?

answer

Adam Smith

question

A description of corporate social responsibility should include a list of all of the following except

answer

environmentally friendly activities

question

In ascending order, Caroll's four levels of social responsibility are

answer

economic, legal, ethical, philanthropic.

question

Which ISO guideline was established as a corporate responsibility regulation that is meant to encourage discussions on the role of social responsibility and the importance of stakeholders?

answer

ISO 26000

question

Which ISO guideline pertains to environmental regulation standards and was designed to help reduce a firm's pollution, waste, and carbon footprint?

answer

ISO 14000

question

The term used to express how a firm meets its stakeholder expectations of its economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities is

answer

corporate citizenship

question

Which economist espoused a kind of Darwinian or "wild west" version of capitalism?

answer

Milton Friedman

question

In corporate governance, _____ is the process of auditing and improving organizational decisions and actions.

answer

control

question

Accountability, oversight, and control all fall under the definition and implementation of corporate

answer

governance

question

Major corporate governance issues normally involve _____ decisions. (Choose the response that is most correct)

answer

strategic-level

question

Which of the following is a major concern among corporate boards of directors?

answer

Compensation

question

Why were the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 26000 guidelines established?

answer

To promote a common understanding in the area of social responsibility.

question

One policy to address the issue of executive pay was implemented by J.P. Morgan, it stated that _____

answer

managers should earn no more than twenty times the pay of other employees.

question

The specific steps for implementing the stakeholder perspective do not include which of the following?

answer

Identifying and gaining government feedback

question

What are the four levels of social responsibility?

answer

Legal, economic, ethical, and philanthropic

question

The _____ model is founded in classic economic precepts.

answer

shareholder

question

Which of the following are not typically secondary stakeholders?

answer

Customers

question

Which of the following are not typically primary stakeholders?

answer

Trade associations

question

Why do critics argue that high compensation for boards of directors is a bad thing?

answer

It could cause conflicts of interest between the directors and the organization

question

Board members being linked to more than one company is an example of

answer

interlocking directorate.

question

What is the first step in implementing a stakeholder perspective in an organization?

answer

Assessing the corporate culture

question

A stakeholder orientation is not complete unless it includes

answer

activities that actually address stakeholder issues.

question

An ethical issue is a problem, situation, or opportunity

answer

Requiring an individual, group, or organization to choose among several actions that must be evaluated as right or wrong, ethical or unethical.

question

Ethical issues in business typically arise because of conflicts between individuals' personal moral philosophies and values and the

answer

Values and attitudes of the organization in which they work and the society in which they live.

question

_____ is an important element of virtue and means being whole, sound, and in unimpaired condition.

answer

Integrity

question

A court found an oil company guilty of placing profits over the safety and well-being of its employees. This situation can be classified as

answer

An ethical issue

question

A person uncomfortable with his employer's unspoken policy of hiring only white men is experiencing

answer

An ethical issue.

question

Issues related to fairness and honesty may arise because business is sometimes regarded as a

answer

Game governed by its own rules rather than those of society.

question

War metaphors are common in business. This kind of mindset can be dangerous for business leaders because

answer

It may foster the idea that honesty is unnecessary in business.

question

Conflicts of interest exist when employees must choose whether to

answer

Advance their own personal interests, those of the organization, or those of some other group.

question

_____ is the offering of something of value in order to gain an illicit advantage

answer

Bribery

question

Concerns involving copyright infringement on books, movies and music, and other illegally produced goods relate to which type of ethical issue?

answer

Intellectual property rights

question

_____ is defined as any purposeful communication that deceives, manipulates, or conceals facts in order to create a false impression.

answer

Fraud

question

In marketing communications, lying causes predicaments for companies because it destroys

answer

Trust.

question

When a commercial states that a product is superior to any other on the market, the marketer risks accusations of

answer

Puffery.

question

Optimization is defined as

answer

A trade-off between equity and efficiency

question

Which of the following has been identified by the Ethics Resource Center as the leading form of observed misconduct in organizations?

answer

Misuse of company resources

question

An activity is probably ethical if it

answer

Is approved of by most individuals in the organization and is customary in the industry

question

The first step toward understanding business ethics is to

answer

Develop ethical-issue awareness.

question

Among retail stores, _____ is a larger problem than customer shoplifting.

answer

Internal employee theft

question

The ethical decision-making process begins

answer

When stakeholders trigger ethical issue awareness and individuals openly discuss it with others.

question

Which of the following is not a side-effect of being the victim of workplace bullying?

answer

Increased productivity

question

Accountants must abide by a strict code of ethics that defines their responsibilities to

answer

Their clients and the public interest.

question

Which of the following statements is most correct?

answer

Affirmative action programs involve efforts to recruit, hire, train, and promote qualified individuals from groups that have traditionally been discriminated against on the basis of race, gender, or other characteristics.

question

Which of the following is not a question you need to ask when you suspect that workplace bullying has occurred?

answer

Is your boss treating you well and compensating you adequately?

question

_____ is associated with a hostile workplace where someone considered a target is threatened, harassed, belittled, or verbally abused.

answer

Bullying

question

Which of the following is not a consequence of ethical misconduct?

answer

Increased sales

question

The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty committed to

answer

Lowering greenhouse gas emissions.

question

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act specifically outlaws hiring practices that discriminate against people

answer

Who are between 49-69?

question

Abusive or intimidating behavior is the most common ethical problem for employees. Which of the following is not related to this concept?

answer

Performance probation

question

The _____ makes it illegal for individuals, firms, or third parties doing business in American markets to "make payments to foreign government officials to assist in obtaining or retaining business."

answer

U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)

question

Mr. Smith told his client, Mr. Jabar, who was not an IT expert, that the new software systems were much better than his existing ones. To convince Mr. Jabar, Mr. Smith used a great deal of technical jargon that his client did not really understand. Mr. Smith did this intentionally to confuse Mr. Jabar. This is an example of

answer

Noise.

question

_____ involves tricking individuals into revealing their passwords or other valuable corporate information.

answer

Social engineering

question

When Devon looked at what another employee was typing in order to get a password, he committed

answer

Shoulder surfing.

question

A company can be sued for discrimination if it

answer

Uses age as a hiring or firing criterion.

question

Affirmative action programs

answer

Involve the recruitment, hiring, promotion, and training of qualified individuals.

question

What type of fraud involves intentional deception on the part of an individual or group in order to derive an unfair economic advantage over an organization?

answer

Consumer

question

What type of fraudulent activity could involve a consumer staging an accident to seek damages?

answer

Duplicity

question

What type of fraudulent activity involves an employee who assists a consumer in fraud?

answer

Collusion

question

Prior to the 2008 financial meltdown, bond ratings agencies were accused of having _____ because they were paid by the organizations that they rated. The organizations would shop around for the agency that gave them the best rating.

answer

Conflicts of interest

question

_____ are used to obtain or retain business and are not generally considered illegal in the U.S. a. Facilitation payments

answer

Facilitation payments

question

Which of the following is not an aspect of the institutionalization of social responsibility?

answer

Familial responsibilities

question

Which of the following acts can be classified as procompetitive legislation?

answer

Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890

question

Which of the following acts exempted the insurance industry from antitrust legislation?

answer

McCarran-Ferguson Act of 1944

question

Which of the following acts, passed in response to public outrage over conditions described in Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, was the first consumer protection legislation?

answer

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

question

The _____ was established after the latest financial crisis, in response to a situation that caused many consumers to lose their homes.

answer

Consumer Financial Protection Agency

question

Which of the following is not a provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?

answer

Discourages the creation of ethical and legal compliance programs

question

Which of the forces of the business environment involves the rivalry among businesses for customers and profits?

answer

The competitive dimension

question

The _____ regulates tobacco, dietary supplements, vaccines, veterinary drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, products that give off radiation, and biological products.

answer

The Food and Drug Administration

question

Which of the following groups is not a group that receives special legal protections?

answer

The highly educated

question

The _____ was called "a sweeping overhaul of the financial regulatory system...on a scale not seen since the reforms that followed the Great Depression."

answer

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

question

_____ law defines the rights and duties of individuals and organizations (including businesses).

answer

Civil

question

_____ law not only prohibits specific actions in business such as fraud, theft, or securities trading violations, but also imposes fines or imprisonment as punishment for breaking the law.

answer

Criminal

question

Which of the following is not a provision of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act?

answer

Creates an organization to pay the bills of low-income consumers

question

_____ ties giving to a business' overall strategy and objectives.

answer

Strategic philanthropy

question

Anticompetitive strategies that focus on weakening or destroying a competitor have spurred antitrust legislation and include all of the following except

answer

Free samples.

question

Which is not one of the four sources of criminal and civil laws?

answer

Judicial law

question

The _____ is an independent agency within the Federal Reserve System that "regulate[s] the offering and provision of consumer financial products or services under the Federal consumer financial laws."

answer

Consumer Financial Protection Agency

question

The primary objective of U.S. antitrust laws is to

answer

Distinguish competitive strategies that enhance consumer welfare from those that reduce it.

question

What is a primary reason why some small businesses resist the opening of large chain retailers like Walmart or Home Depot?

answer

Because the large size creates economies of scale and they can charge lower prices

question

_____ focus(es) on developing sound organizational practices and integrity for financial and nonfinancial performance measures, rather than on an individual's morals.

answer

Core practices

question

Which of the following is not one of the seven steps that the U.S. Sentencing Commission requires for an effective compliance program?

answer

Comply with ISO 14000 guidelines

question

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act created the _____ to oversee the accounting firms that audit public corporations and to establish rules and standards for auditing.

answer

Public Company Accounting Oversight Board

question

_____ responsibilities relate to a business's contributions to stakeholders.

answer

Voluntary

question

Passed by Congress in 1991, the _____ created incentives for organizations to develop and implement ethical compliance programs.

answer

Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations

question

Donation of computer equipment to schools by Toshiba would be associated with _____ responsibilities.

answer

Voluntary

question

By prohibiting accounting firms from providing both auditing and consulting services to the same corporate clients without permission, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is attempting to eliminate

answer

Conflicts of interest.

question

Which of the following is not a benefit to businesses of engaging in voluntary responsibilities?

answer

Improve employee compensation and retention

question

Companies that _____ will most likely be found in violation of procompetitive legislation.

answer

establish monopolies

question

_____ tie(s) an organization's product(s) directly to a social concern through a marketing program.

answer

Cause-related marketing

question

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

answer

Prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin.

question

Cause related marketing can affect consumer _____, if consumers are sympathetic to the cause and the brand and cause are seen as a good fit.

answer

buying patterns

question

Who provides information to managers, investors, tax authorities, and other stakeholders who make resource allocation decisions for corporations?

answer

Accountants

question

The _____ of ethics involves embedding values, norms, and artifacts in organizations, industries, and society.

answer

institutionalization

question

Which of the following is not a reason why the institutionalization of business ethics has progressed in recent decades?

answer

Institutionalization of ethics is now mandated for all organizations by governments around the world

question

Part of the reason why credit ratings firms did not catch major problems prior to the global financial meltdown of 2008 was because they were paid by the firms that they rank, which creates

answer

Cooperation

question

Investigations into the financial rating industry after the financial meltdown of 2008 found all of the following except

answer

Most analysts were completely untrained and unprepared to do their jobs.

question

Some, especially those in business, complain that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and similar legislation

answer

Is excessively complex and financially burdensome.

question

An ethical organizational culture creates an environment in which to structure behavior that is then evaluated by stakeholders. The key elements of an organizational culture include all of the following except

answer

Employee compensation

question

Which of the following provide incentives for developing core practices within a firm that could help ensure ethical and legal compliance?

answer

Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

question

Laws and regulations change over time; however, in the United States the thrust of most business legislation can be summed up as

answer

Any practice is permitted that does not substantially reduce competition and harm consumers or society.

question

Which of the following is the first step in the ethical decision making process?

answer

Recognizing that an issue requires an individual or work group to make a choice that ultimately will be judged by stakeholders as right or wrong

question

Which of the following is not one of the six "spheres of influence" to which individuals are subject when confronted with an ethical issue?

answer

Educational attainment

question

The _____ leader demands instantaneous obedience and focuses on achievement, initiative, and self-control.

answer

coercive

question

The perceived relevance or importance of an ethical issue to the individual, work group, or organization is

answer

ethical issue intensity

question

Studies have found that more than a third of the unethical situations that lower and middle-level managers face come from _____.

answer

internal pressures and ambiguity surrounding internal organizational rules.

question

According to the ethical decision-making framework, the absence of punishment provides a(n) _____ for unethical behavior.

answer

opportunity

question

_____ have been found to decrease unethical practices and increase positive work behavior

answer

Good personal values

question

_____ involves subordinates simply following the directives of a superior without question. It demonstrates the influence that significant others can exert in the workplace.

answer

Obedience to authority

question

Multiple elements work on individuals to affect their behavior. While an individual may intend to do the right thing, _____ can alter this intent.

answer

organizational or social forces

question

A coaching leader builds a positive climate by

answer

developing skills for success, delegating responsibility, and issuing challenging assignments.

question

If management fails to identify and educate employees about ethical problem areas, ethical issues may not reach the critical

answer

awareness level.

question

The _____ can be defined as a set of values, norms, and artifacts, including ways of solving problems shared by members of an organization.

answer

corporate culture

question

Which of the following would not be considered a negative reinforcement of employee behavior?

answer

Ignoring the behavior

question

Codes, rules, and compliance are essential in organizations. However, an organization built on _____ is more likely to develop a high integrity corporate culture.

answer

informal relationships

question

Which of the following types of leaders attempts to create employee satisfaction through bartering or negotiating for desired behaviors or level of performance?

answer

Transactional leaders

question

Following the ethical directives of a superior relates to

answer

obedience to authority.

question

Which of the following is not a habit of ethical leaders?

answer

They are primarily concerned with themselves.

question

Which of the following leadership types has a strong influence on coworker support and building an ethical culture through increasing employee commitment and fostering motivation?

answer

Transformational leaders

question

Which of the following is not considered a significant other group in the workplace?

answer

Spouses

question

Studies have shown that _____ within the organization have more impact on a worker's decisions on a daily basis than any other factor.

answer

significant others

question

External and internal rewards relate to which part of the ethical decision-making framework?

answer

Opportunity

question

Which of the following is not a major trend in business today?

answer

More isolationist businesses

question

Which of the following is not an issue that helps in business ethics evaluations and decisions?

answer

Personal guilt

question

_____ is the first sign that an unethical decision has occurred.

answer

Guilt

question

People who believe in _____, go with the flow because they feel the events in their lives are uncontrollable.

answer

external locus of control

question

Which of the following is not an individual factor that affects business ethics?

answer

Significant others

question

_____ is an organizational factor that gives a company specific characteristics. Over time, stakeholders begin to see the company as like a living organism with a mind and will of its own.

answer

Organizational culture

question

Which leadership type values people, their emotions, and their needs and relies on friendship and trust to promote flexibility, innovation, and risk taking?

answer

Affiliative leadership

question

An ethical corporate culture needs _____ along with _____ to establish an ethics program and monitor the complex ethical decisions being made by employees .

answer

shared values; proper oversight

question

Those who have influence in a work group are referred to as significant others and include

answer

peers, managers, coworkers, and subordinates.

question

Sherry's leadership style often creates a negative working climate because of the high standards she sets. Sherry is most likely a(n) _____ leader.

answer

pacesetting

question

_____ are a primary influence on employee's ethical behavior because they are role models for the organization's values.

answer

Leaders

question

As one of the seven habits of strong ethical leaders, _____ is "the glue that holds ethical concepts together." This trait can be developed early in life or developed over time through experience.

answer

the passion to do right

question

The _____ leader can create a negative climate because of the high standards that he or she sets. This style works best for attaining quick results from highly motivated individuals who value achievement and take initiative.

answer

pacesetting

question

Research concerning nationality and the ability to make ethical decisions

answer

is hard to interpret in a business context because of cultural differences.

question

The relationship between business ethics and age

answer

is complex, although experience helps older employees make ethical decisions.

question

Employees that see themselves as going with the flow because that's all they can do have a(n)

answer

external locus of control.

question

The _____ of an organization can influence the acceptance of, adherence to, transmittal, and monitoring of organizational norms, values, and codes of ethics.

answer

leadership style

question

For people who begin the value shift that leads to unethical decisions, which of the following is not a usual justification to reduce and eliminate guilt?

answer

This is in keeping with my personal morals and the code of conduct, so it is okay

question

Ethical leadership should be based on

answer

holistic thinking that embraces the complex issues facing firms every day.

question

A fundamental problem in traditional personal character development is that specific vales are used to teach about a philosophy, which may be inappropriate where cultural diversity and privacy must be respected. A solution is

answer

to teach individuals intellectual skills that address the complexities of ethical issues in business.

question

Strong ethical leaders have a passion for all of the following except to

answer

satisfy shareholders before other stakeholder groups.

question

Leaders whose decisions and actions are contrary to the firm's values send a signal

answer

that the firm's values are trivial or irrelevant.

question

Which attribute of ethical leaders will not be effective unless the leader is personally involved in the organization's key ethical decisions?

answer

Transparency

question

Which type of leader relies on participation and teamwork to reach collaborative decisions?

answer

Democratic

question

What is not a necessity for strong ethical leaders to make good decisions?

answer

The ability to coerce subordinates

question

Moral philosophy refers to

answer

the principles or rules that people use to decide what is right and wrong.

question

Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of its consequences for everyone affected (seeks the greatest good for the greatest number)?

answer

Utilitarianism

question

Which moral philosophy considers an act to be morally right or acceptable if it produces some desired result?

answer

Teleology

question

Which moral philosophy focuses on the rights of individuals and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior, rather than its consequences?

answer

Deontology

question

_____ are person-specific, whereas _____ are based on decisions made by groups or when carrying out tasks to meet business objectives.

answer

Moral philosophies; business ethics

question

According to Kohlberg's model, as a person progresses through the stages of moral development, and with time, education, and experience, he/she

answer

may change his/her values and ethical behavior

question

An individual who defines what is right by considering his/her duty to society, not just to other specific people, is in which of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development?

answer

Social system and conscience maintenance

question

Which is the last of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development?

answer

Universal ethical principles

question

A person who offers a facilitation payment in order to secure a contract that will keep her company from going bankrupt and laying off hundreds of employees may be a(n)

answer

relativist

question

Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of its conformity to general moral principles and respect for individual rights?

answer

Rule deontology

question

_____ is considered the father of free market capitalism. He believed that business was and should be guided by the morals of good men.

answer

Adam Smith

question

_____ believe that no one thing is intrinsically good.

answer

Pluralists

question

Kant's categorical imperative and the Golden Rule are examples of which moral philosophy?

answer

Deontology

question

A marketing manager who orders that a manufacturing plant be refitted to make it safer for workers, no matter what the cost, may be a(n) _____ because he believes in the rights of all individuals.

answer

deontologist

question

Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of principles or rules designed to promote the greatest overall utility rather than by examining situations individually?

answer

Rule utilitarianism

question

Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of the equity, fairness, and impartiality of the action, with rules serving as guidelines in the decision-making process?

answer

Act deontology

question

Which moral perspective defines ethical behavior subjectively from the unique experiences of individuals and groups?

answer

The relativist perspective

question

Through time an act can come to be viewed as unethical under which of the following philosophies and perspectives?

answer

The relativist perspective

question

_____ typically focuses on the end result of actions and happiness created by them, whereas _____ emphasizes the means and motives by which actions are justified.

answer

A goodness theory; an obligation theory

question

An individual who believes that an action is ethical because others within his or her company and industry regularly engage in the activity is probably a(n)

answer

relativist.

question

Enlightened egoism

answer

centers on one's long-term self-interest but takes others' well-being into account

question

Which moral philosophy is based on the premise that equal respect must be given to all persons?

answer

Deontology

question

_____ have lower ethical issue sensitivity, meaning they are less likely to detect ethical issues. They may be more committed to completing projects and more dedicated to group values and objectives.

answer

Relativists

question

_____ justice is based on the evaluation of outcomes or results of the business relationship.

answer

Distributive

question

Kohlberg's six stages of cognitive moral development can be reduced to three levels of ethical concern. Persons at the second level

answer

define right as that which conforms to the expectations of good behavior of the larger society.

question

_____ argues that ethical behavior involves not only adhering to conventional moral standards but also considering what a mature person with a "good" moral character would deem appropriate.

answer

Virtue ethics

question

When a person defines right and wrong on the basis of legal contracts, he or she is using which of Kohlberg's stages of development?

answer

Prior rights, social contract, or utility (5th stage)

question

_____ deals with the issue of what individuals feel they are due based on their rights and performance in the workplace, and therefore is more likely to be based on deontological moral philosophies than on teleological or utilitarian ones.

answer

Justice

question

A central problem with virtue ethics is

answer

that it emphasizes people's differences, not similarities.

question

Which is not considered a white collar crime?

answer

Mugging someone

question

An individual who emphasizes others rather than himself or herself in making decisions is in which of the following of Kohlberg's stages of development?

answer

Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity (3rd stage)

question

Eric views animal research in the pharmaceutical industry as a way to improve drugs that will benefit mankind. Which moral philosophy most closely represents his viewpoint?

answer

Utilitarianism

question

In Kohlberg's model, the stage of mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity (Stage 3) differs from the stage of individual instrumental purpose and exchange (Stage 2) in terms of the individual's motives in

answer

considering fairness to others.

question

The elements of _____ important to business transactions have been defined as trust, self-control, empathy, fairness, and truthfulness.

answer

virtue

question

_____ justice considers the processes and activities that produce the outcome or results.

answer

Procedural

question

_____ justice considers the processes and activities that produce the outcome or results.

answer

Procedural

question

_____ justice considers the processes and activities that produce the outcome or results.

answer

Procedural

Exam 1 Business Ethics – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards