Ethical Issues in The Workplace – Flashcards
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integrity (63)
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one of the most important and oft-cited elements of virtue refers to being whole, sound, and in an unimpaired condition relates to product quality, open communications, transparency, and relationships.
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honesty
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refers to truthfulness or trustworthiness Confucius defines: junzi: honest person ren: one who has the virtue yi: another honesty component and related to what we should do according to our relationship with others li: relates to honesty but refers to the virtue of good manners and respect zhi: represents whether a person knows what to say and what to do as it relates to the honesty concept
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fairness (64)
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quality of being just, equitable, and impartial three fundamental qualities: equality reciprocity optimization
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equality
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distribution of benefits and resourcs
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reciprocity (65)
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interchange of giving and receiving in social relationships occurs when an action that has an effect upon another is reciprocated with an action that has an approximately equal effect
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optimization
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trade-off between equity (equality) and efficiency (maximum productivity)
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ethical issue
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is a problem, situation, or opportunity that requires an individual, group, or organization to choose among several actions that must be evaluated as right or wrong, ethical or unethical
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ethical dilemma
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is a problem, situation, or opportunity that requires an individual, group, or organization to choose among several actions that have negative outcomes
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abusive or intimidating behavior (66)
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another common ethical problem for employees, physical threats, false accusations, being annoying, profanity, insults, yelling, harshness, ignoring someone, and unreasonableness
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lying (69)
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relates to distorting the truth three types: joking without malice commission lying omission lying
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commission lying
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creating a perception or belief by words that intentionally deceive the receiver of the message can involve: complex forms procedures contracts words spelled the same but with different meanings refuting the truth with a false statement
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omission lying
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intentionally not informing others of any differences, problems, safety warnings, or negative issues relating to the product or company that significantly affect awareness, intention, or behavior
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conflicts of interest (70)
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exists when an individual must choose whether to advance his or her own interests, those of the organization, or those of some other group
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bribery
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practice of offering something (often money) in order to gain an illicit advantage from someone in authority
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active bribery
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concept of active corruption
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passive bribery
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offense committed by an official who receives the bribe
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facilitation payments
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made to obtain or retain business or other improper advantages do not constitute bribery payments for US companies in some situations
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corporate intelligence (71)
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the collection and analysis of information on markets, technologies, customers, and competitors, as well as socioeconomic and external political trends
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physical hacking (73)
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requires the CI agent enter a facility personally
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social engineering
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tricking of individuals into revealing their passwords or other valuable corporate information
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shoulder surfing
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someone simply looks over an employee's shoulder while he or she types in a password
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password guessing
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another easy social engineering technique
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dumpster diving
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messy but successful way for acquiring trade secrets
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whacking
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wireless hacking
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phone eavesdropping
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person with a digital recording device can monitor and record a fax line
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equal employment opportunity commission (EEOC) (74)
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race, gender, and age discrimination are major sources of ethical and legal debate in the workplace
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age discrimination in employment act
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specifically outlaws hiring practices that discriminate against people 40 years of age or older, as well as those that require employees to retires before the age of 70
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affirmative action program
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involve efforts to recruit, hire, train, and promote qualified individuals from groups that have traditionally been discriminated against on a daily basis or race, gender, or other characteristics
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sexual harassment (75)
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can be defined as any repeated, unwanted behavior of a sexual nature perpetrated upon one individual by another
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hostile work environment
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three criteria must be met -the conduct was unwelcome -the conduct was severe, pervasive, and regarded by the claimant as so hostile or offensive as to alter his or her conditions of employment -the conduct was such that a reasonable person would find it hostile
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dual relationship
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defined as a personal, loving, and or sexual relationship with someone with whom you share professional responsibilities
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unethical dual relationship
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those where the relationship could potentially cause a direct or indirect conflict of interest or a risk of impairment to professional judgment
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accounting fraud (77)
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involves a corporation's financial reports, which companies provide important information on which investors and others base decisions involving millions of dollars
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marketing fraud (78)
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process of dishonesty creating, distributing, promoting, and pricing products
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puffery
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defined as exaggerated advertising, blustering, and boasting upon which no reasonable buyer would rely and is not actionable under the Lanham Act
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implied falsity
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means the message has a tendency to mislead, confuse, or deceive the public
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literally false (79)
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divided into two subcategories tests prove (establishment claims) when the advertisement cites a study or test that establishes the claim bald assertions (nonestablishment claims) when the advertisement makes a claim that cannot be substantiated, as when a commercial states a certain product is superior to any other on the market
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labeling issues
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ex monster beverage corp changes its label to indicate it is a beverage rather than a dietary supplement now puts nutrition facts instead of supplement facts
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consumer fraud
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occurs when consumers attempt to deceive businesses for their own gain
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insider trading
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illegal and legal illegal: the buying or selling of stocks by insiders who possess information that is not yet public legal: involves illegally buying and selling stock in an insider's own company, but not all the time
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intellectual property rights (82)
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involves the legal protection of intellectual property such as music, books, and movies
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privacy issues (83)
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include the monitoring of employees' use of available technology and consumer privacy
