CS12 CHAPTER 5 – Flashcards
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System software
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Background programs that control a computer system
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Application software
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Programs that allow a user to perform specific tasks on a computer
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Operating system
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A collection of programs that manage and coordinate the activities taking place within a computer system
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Multitasking
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Ability of an operating system to work with more than one program at one time
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Multithreading
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Ability to run multiple threads for a program at one time so that processing is completed faster and more efficiently
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Multiprocessing
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Multiple processors are used in a single computer, usually to process multiple jobs at one time faster than with a single processor
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Parallel peocessing
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Multiple processors are used in a single computer, usually to process a single job faster
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Coprocessing
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Utilizinf soecial processor for specialized chores
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Memory management
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Optimizing the use of main memory (RAM)
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Virtual memory
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Memory management technique that uses hard drive space as additionak RAM
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Buffering and spooling
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Used with printers and other peripheral devices
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Buffer
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Area in RAM or the hard drive designated to hold input and output on their way in or out the system
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Spooling
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Placing items in a buffer so they can be retrieved by the appropriate device when needed
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Personal operating system
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Designed to be installed on a single PC
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Server operating system
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Designed to be installed on a network server
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DOS
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Older operating system
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PC DOS
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Created originally for IBM microcomputers
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MS DOS
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Used with IBM compatible PC
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Windows
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Primary PC operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation
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MAC OS
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Proprietary operating system for computers made by Apple Corporation
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MAC OS X Leopard
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Most recent personal version
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MAC OS X Server
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Most recent server version
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UNIX
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Operating system developed in the late 1960s for midrange servers and mainframes
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Linux
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Version/favor of UNIX available eithiuth charge over the internet
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NetWare
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Widely used operating system for PC-based networks
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Solaris
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UNIX based operating system developed by Sun Microsystems for sun computers
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Utility Program
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Type of software that performs a specific task usually related to managing or maintaining the computer system
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File management programs
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Enable users to perform file management tasks
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Search tools
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Designed to search for files on the user's hard drive
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Diagnostic programs
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Evaluate your system and make recommendations for fixing any errors found
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Disk management programs
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Diagnose and repair problems related to your hard drive
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File compression programs
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Reduce size of files so they take up less storage space on a storage medium
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Cleanup utilities
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Designed to delete temporary files
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Back up and recovery utilities
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Make the backup and restoration porcess easier
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Security programs
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Protect computers and users
