CNIT 280 – Flashcards
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_____ development is a structured design methodology that proceeds in a sequence from one phase to the next.
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Waterfall Development
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Design methodology that breaks an overall system into a series of versions
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Phased Development
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Design Methodology that attempts to address the problem of long delays between the analysis phase
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Parallel Development
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_____ value can be quantified during the project initiation phase.
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Tangible
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_____ is the process of examining the technical, economic, and organizational pros and cons of developing a new system.
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b. Feasibility analysis
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The four elements commonly found on a system request are _____.
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project sponsor, business need, business requirements, and business value
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Feasibility analysis may be defined as a(n)_____.
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c. guide to determining whether to proceed with a project
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_____ feasibility is determined by identifying costs and benefits associated with the system.
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Economic
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The calculation that measures the amount of money an organization receives in return for the money it spends is called the _____.
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e. return on investment
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The level of acceptance by the users of a system and the extent to which the new system will be incorporated into the operations of the organization are expressed in the _____ feasibility.
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Organizational
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Understanding the as-is system, identifying improvements, and developing requirements for the to-be system are the steps of the _____ phase.
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Analysis phase
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The analysis strategy that results in the existing business processes being left essentially the same, but with a new system that makes them more efficient is _____.
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business process automation (BPA)
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The goal of this analysis strategy is to change the fundamental way the organization operates and to make major changes by taking advantage of new ideas, methods and technology.
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d. business process reengineering (BPR)
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Which of the following analysis strategies incurs the highest risk yet has the potential to provide high value to the business?
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c. Business Process Reengineering
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A(n) _____ is a formal way of representing how a business system interacts with its environment.
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use case
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Each use case describes _____ function(s) in which users interact with the system. a. one b. one or more c. many d. zero, one, or more e. all
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one
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The _____ relationship in use cases allows use cases to support the concept of inheritance.
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generalization
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The event that causes a use case to begin is called a(n) _____.
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trigger
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A(n) _____ of an analysis class is where the behavior of the class is defined.
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operation
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Which of the following will be converted to methods in later phases of the SDLC? a. attributes b. operations c. classes d. objects e. abstract classes
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operations
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Service is another name for _____.
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operation
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"A?kind?of" relationships represent _____ relationships.
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generalization
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A class diagram is a(n) _____ model.
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static
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A public attribute is shown in a class diagram with the symbol _____ before the name.
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+
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The external behavior of a system is described by _____.
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functional models
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An analyst depicts the static view of an information system with _____.
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structural models
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The two types of interaction diagrams are ______________ diagrams.
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sequence and communication
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A(n) _____ is an instantiation of a class.
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object
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_____ are information that is sent to objects to tell it to execute one of its behaviors.
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messages
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A systems analyst draws a lifeline with an X at the end. This lifeline represents _____.
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an object that is destroyed at a point in time
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The acronym CRUD stands for _____.
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create, read, update, delete
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To avoid the classic design mistake of "feature creep," the analyst should _____.
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use rapid application development techniques or timeboxing
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The layer that keeps the user interface implementation separate from the application or problem domain classes is the _____ layer.
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human?computer interaction
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Manipulating certain parameters to refine the way features work in a software package is called _____.
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customization
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T/F: The layer that would include the classes that would interact with middleware applications is the physical architecture layer
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True
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T/F: The attributes that change in a behavior state machine must appear in the object attribute list.
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True
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Data may be stored in the following formats _____.
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files and databases
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Data may be stored in the following formats _____.
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files and databases
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A(n) _____ can support large volumes of data and support applications that run an entire company.
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enterprise database management system
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SQL operates on _____.
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tables of data at a time
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A relational database may be optimized for _____.
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storage efficiency and speed of access
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A(n) _____ occurs when data are stored redundantly in a database and only some of the instances are updated when a change is needed.
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update anomaly
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If the data model does not have any repeating fields it is in _____.
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first normal form
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In order to reduce the number of joins that must be performed in a query and to increase the speed of data access, the data analyst will _____ the physical model.
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denormalize
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To improve the access speed of a database, similar records in a table are stored together in primary key order. This optimizing access speed process is called _____.
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intrafile clustering
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_____ is the process of estimating the amount of data that the hardware will need to support, so that the server hardware specifications are sufficient for the project's needs.
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Volumetrics
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The size of a database is determined by the _____.
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amount of raw data in the tables and overhead requirements for the DBMS
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What is a "Database Management System"?
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software that creates and manipulates these databases
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What is a "End-user Database Management System"?
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support small-scale databases that are used to enhance personal productivity
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Interface Design: Layout
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Should be a series of areas on the screen that are used consistently for different purposes
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Interface Design: Content Awareness
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Users should always be aware of where they are in the system and what information is being displayed
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Interface Design: Consistency
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Enables user to predict what will happen before they perform a function
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Interface Design: Aesthetics
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Should be functional and inviting to users through careful use of white space, colors, and fonts
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Interface Design: Minimal User Effort
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Should be simple to use
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User Interface Design Process
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1. Scenario development -Analysts examine uses cases and sequence diagrams 2. Interface structure design -Windows Navigation Diagram (WND) 3. Interface standards design 4. Interface design prototyping -Example: Storyboard, windows layout diagram, html prototype 5. Interface evaluation -Heuristic Evaluation -Walkthrough Evaluation -Interactive Evaluation -Formal Usability Testing
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What is the Interface STRUCTURE Process?
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- Defines the basic components of the interface and how they work together to provide functionality to users. - A window navigation diagram (WND) models the state changes of the user interface
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What is the Interface STANDARDS Process?
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- Are the basic design elements that are common across the individual screens, forms, and report within the system - There may be different sets of standards for different parts of the system
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What is the Interface DESIGN PROTOTYPING Process?
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- Is a mock?up or a simulation of a computer screen, form, or report - Is prepared for each interface in the system to show users and programmers how the system will perform
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What is the Interface Evaluation Process?
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- The goal is to understand how to improve the interface design before the system is complete - It is recommended that at least ten users be involved in the evaluation process - Four common approaches to interface evaluation are: • Heuristic evaluation • Walkthrough evaluation • Interactive evaluation • Formal usability testing
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