Chap. 10: Information Systems within the Organization – Flashcards
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Monitors, collects, stores and processes data generated from all business transactions.
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Transaction processing system (TPS)
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When the firm collects data from transactions as they occur, placing them in groups or batches, then prepares and processes the batches periodically (say, every night).
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Batch Processing
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When business transactions are processed online as soon as they occur.
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Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)
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involves collecting data from sensors (e.g., barcode scanners) and entering the data directly into a computer without human intervention.
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Source data automation
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MIS: Mmgt Info system DSS: Decision Support System BI: Business Intelligence EIS: Exec. Info system ES: Expert system
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Organization's Database
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provide information mainly to lower- and middle-level managers in the functional areas via a variety of reports. IOW... support a functional area by increasing its internal effectiveness and efficiency in the following areas: -Accounting -Finance -Marketing -Operations (POM) -Human Resources Management
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Functional area information systems (FAISs)
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-Financial Planning and Budgeting -Managing Financial Transactions Multiple currencies Multiple stock exchanges Travel expense management Virtual Close capability -Investment Management -Control and Auditing -Capital Budgeting/Asset Acquisition
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FAIS - Accounting and Finance
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Customer Relationship Management Sales Force Automation Advertising Loyalty Program Management (key chains; frequent flyer program...etc)
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FAIS - Sales and Marketing
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-Supply Chain Management -In-house Logistics and Materials Management: Inventory control Quality control -Production Planning and Operation: Materials Requirements Planning (MRP) Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) -Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) -Product Life Cycle Management
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FAIS - Production/Operations Management
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*Recruitment *Human Resources Development (training) *Human Resources Planning and Management: Employee Records Payroll Benefits Administration Performance Evaluation Employee Relationship Management
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FAIS - Human Resources
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Integrate the planning, management and use of all resources of the organization. That is, ___ systems are designed to break down the information silos of an organization. IOW... integrate the functional areas of the organization by enabling seamless information flows across them. Integrates existing systems by providing software, called middleware, that connects applications together.
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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems
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information systems that were developed for specific functional areas and did not communicate with systems in other functional areas.
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information silos
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integrate the functional areas of the organization by enabling seamless information flows across them.
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The major objective of ERP systems
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Financial Management Operations Management Human Resources Management
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Core ERP modules
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Customer Relationship Management (Chapter 11) Supply Chain Management (Chapter 11) Business Intelligence (Chapter 12) E-Business (Chapter 7)
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Extended ERP modules
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*SAP (24%) *Oracle (18%) *Microsoft Dynamics (11%) *The following have a combined (11%) Epicor Sage Infor IFS QAD Lawson Ross
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ERP Vendors
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Organizational flexibility and agility - They can make organizations more flexible, agile, and adaptive. Decision support - They can improve managers' ability to make better, more timely decisions. Quality and efficiency - They can improve customer service, production, and distribution.
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Benefits of ERP Systems
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-May require organizations to change existing business processes to fit the predefined business processes of the ERP software. -Can be complex, expensive, and time consuming to implement. -Business managers and IT professional tend to underestimate the complexity of the planning, implementation and training required to implement an ERP system
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Limitations of ERP Systems
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Interorganizational ERP systems that provide web-enabled links btw a company's key business systems (such as inventory and production) and its customers, suppliers, distributors, and others.
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ERP II Systems
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*Financials *Human Resources *Customer Relationship Management *Supplier Relationship Management *Product Lifecycle Management *Supply Chain Management *Business Intelligence ____ is moving away from describing their system as a set of modules, and now is using the term "solutions."
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SAP Solutions (Modules)
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essentially your regulatory 'books of record': General ledger Book close Tax Accounts receivable Accounts payable Consolidation Special ledgers
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SAP modules: FI Financial Accounting
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Basically your internal cost/management accounting: Cost elements Cost centers Profit centers Internal orders Activity based costing Product costing
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SAP modules: CO Controlling
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tracks, values, and depreciates your assets: Purchase Sale Depreciation Tracking
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SAP modules: AM Asset Management
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manages your projects, large and small: Make to order Plant shut downs (as a project) Third party billing (on the back of a project)
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SAP modules: PS Project Systems
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people: Employment history Payroll Training Career management Succession planning
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SAP modules: HR Human Resources
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maintains your equipment: Labor Material Down time and outages
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SAP modules: PM Plant Maintenance
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underpins the supply chain: Requisitions Purchase orders Goods receipts Accounts payable Inventory management Bills of Material Master raw materials, finished goods etc.
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SAP modules: MM Materials Management
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improves the quality of your goods: Planning Execution Inspections Certificates
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SAP modules: QM Quality Management
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manages your production process: Capacity planning Master production scheduling Material requirements planning Shop floor
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SAP modules: PP Production Planning
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from order to delivery: RFQ Sales orders Pricing Picking (and other warehouse processes) Packing Shipping
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SAP modules: SD Sales and Distribution
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These lie on top of the individual modules WF - workflow BW - business information warehouse Office - for email Workplace Industry solutions New Dimension products such as CRM, PLM, SRM, APO etc.
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SAP modules: CA Cross Application
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provide summarized information, with less detail.
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Summary report
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provide high levels of detailed data, often in support of summary reports.
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Detailed reports
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allows users to click on an item in a report and be able to access underlying details about that item.
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drill-down report
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summarizes the performance of critical activities.
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key indicator report
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provides a comparison, such as expenses to budget or this reporting period to last reporting period.
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Comparative report
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include only information that falls outside certain threshold standards.
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Exception reports
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Non-routine reports that often contain special information that is not included in routine reports.
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Ad hoc (on demand) report
