question

In the late nineteenth century, industry in the United States

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saw the federal government eager to assist in its growth, had abundant raw materials; a large and growing labor supply; a surge in technological innovation; the emergence of a talented, ambitious, ruthless group of entrepreneurs; and a great and expanding domestic market for manufactured products

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Prior to the Civil War, the steel industry in the United States

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barely developed at all.

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The process of making steel developed by Henry Bessemer

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included blowing air through molten iron AND involved adding ingredients to molten iron

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In the late nineteenth century, the needs of the American steel industry directly contributed to the further development of all of the following EXCEPT

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automobile company.

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In 1900, the emergence of research laboratories in American corporations

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led to a diversification and increase of research interests.

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A key to Henry Ford's success in the mass production of automobiles

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was the use of interchangeable parts

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During the late nineteenth century, the growth of large corporations was helped by

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Sales of company stock to the public AND "limited liability" laws. (Both A and B)

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The business structure of Carnegie Steel was a good example of

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Vertical integration

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The business structure of Standard Oil was a good example of

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vertical and horizontal integration. (Both A and B)

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The theory of Social Darwinism

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promoted the idea that capitalism offered all people a chance for great wealth, but only the fittest individuals survived and flourished in the marketplace and on the social ladder

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According to the ideas expressed by Andrew Carnegie in his The Gospel of Wealth,

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The rich had great responsibilities to society

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In his books, Horatio Alger

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emphasized the value of personal character in business, "rags to riches" stories

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The late-nineteenth-century sociologist Lester Frank Ward

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believed that human intelligence, not natural selection, shaped society

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In the late nineteenth century, due to the growth of industrial capitalism, American workers

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E. All these answers are correct. (Experienced a rise in the standard of living, terrible working conditions, less control over work, powerlessness)

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The Knights of Labor

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were a secret fraternal organization w/ membership open to all who "toiled" (earned wages but not higher ups like lawyers, bankers, etc)

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The Haymarket Square riot of 1886

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resulted in the conviction and execution of several anarchists, was a symbol of social chaos and radicalism

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Eugene V. Debs played a leading role in what labor event?

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Pullman Strike

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In the late nineteenth century, organized labor failed to make great gains for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

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state and federal laws to protect the rights of workers did not exist

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The 1920 census of the United States revealed that

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a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas

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In the late nineteenth century, the population in urban areas of the United States

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E. mostly came from Europe.

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In the late nineteenth century, many immigrants to the United States Great Britain and northern Europe

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lacked capital to buy farmland, had a tough transition period

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Compared to other immigrant ethnic groups in the late nineteenth century, Jewish immigrants

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All of the above: Placed a high value on education, advanced economically more quickly than many other groups

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Compared with the first generation, second-generation immigrants were more likely

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to break from their traditional culture

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In 1894, the Immigration Restriction League

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proposed screening immigrants to allow only the "desirable" ones to enter

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One significant innovation of urban America in the late nineteenth century was

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Large public parks, great public buildings, image of the city improved

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Tenement buildings in urban America were

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initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor, soon became miserable places, crowded

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In the 1890s, Jacob Riis

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reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements.

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In the late nineteenth century, crime in large American urban centers led many city governments to

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create professional public police department AND included murder rates that were higher than would occur in the 1980s and 1990s. (Both A and B).

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In the late nineteenth century, political "machines" in cities owed their existence to the

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rapid growth of urban America and the influx of millions of immigrants. (Both A and B), power of immigrant voters, link b/w political organizations and wealthy, structural weakness of city gov'ts

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During the late nineteenth century, all of the following innovations occurred in consumer goods EXCEPT the

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creation of credit card companies.

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At the end of the nineteenth century, most Americans viewed leisure time as

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being desirable

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In the nineteenth century, vaudeville theater

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consisted of a variety of stage acts

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According to the philosophy of pragmatism, society should be guided by

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scientific inquiry

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Which statement about education in the late nineteenth century is FALSE?

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Funding for public education was highest in rural areas.

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While progressivism has many meanings, it tended in this period to be based on the central assumption that

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American society was capable of improvement

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At the turn of the twentieth century, progressive activists

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held a strong commitment to improved racial justice.

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The term "muckrakers" referred to

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journalists

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In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the "Social Gospel" was

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an effort to make religious faith a tool of social reform, redeem the nation's cities, pursue social justice for all of society

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At the turn of the twentieth century, the leaders of the settlement house movement

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directed their attention at the living conditions in cities

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During the progressive era, the "new woman" was a product of

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All of the above, income moving out of the house, technological innovations making stay-at-home moms less needed, declining family sizes, less marriages and even divorces

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Regarding divorce in the United States during the progressive era, by 1916

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More than ten percent of all marriages ended in divorce.

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During the progressive era, significant voting rights for women were first won in

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The Far West

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In the years prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment,

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D. a large majority of states gave some voting rights to women, including New York, Michigan, Illinois, and California.

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During the progressive era, one of the first targets for political reformers was

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municipal governments.

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During the progressive era, opponents of political reform generally included many members of all of the following EXCEPT

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The urban Middle Class

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The initiative and referendum were progressive-era political reforms designed to weaken the power of

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State Legislatures

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The recall and the direct primary were progressive-era political reforms designed to weaken

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Political Parties

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In the aftermath of the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist fire in New York City,

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strict regulations with effective enforcement were imposed on factory owners

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For western states, the most important target of reform energies was

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the federal government

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During the progressive era, W. E. B. Du Bois asserted all of the following EXCEPT that

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the principal tool for gaining civil rights was to elect blacks to public office

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The temperance crusade

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was supported by most business employers, working class wives and mothers, political reformers, progressives

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The Women's Christian Temperance Union

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was, at one time, the largest women's organization in American history

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In the early twentieth century, eugenics

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supported the restriction of immigration by nationality

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During the progressive era, the acknowledged leader of American socialism was

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Eugene V. Debs

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During Theodore Roosevelt's first three years as president,

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he believed that public opinion alone would eliminate most corporate abuses

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All of the following legislation was passed during Theodore Roosevelt's administration EXCEPT the

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Interstate Commerce Act

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Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel, The Jungle, encouraged the federal government to regulate the

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Meatpacking industry

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In his political program known as the "New Freedom," Woodrow Wilson believed trusts

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ended altogether

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In 1913, to offset the loss of revenues from other legislation, Congress

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Passed a graduated income tax

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The 1916 Keating-Owen Act was the first federal law regulating

answer

Child Labor

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