World History II – Flashcards

Communication was difficult in Ancient Greece because of __________.

___________ was difficult in Ancient Greece because of geographical barriers.

The following right was given to Spartan women: the right to ______ publicly.

The following right was given to Spartan women: the right to ______ property.

The following right was given to Spartan women: the right to ______ without the husband’s consent

The following right was given to Spartan women: the right to enjoy _____ under the law, with only one exception.

Alexander’s conquest of Egypt was significant for Greece because this secured the ______, which meant that Persia couldn’t use it to invade Greece.

Alexander’s ______ was significant for Greece because this secured the Mediterranean coastline, which meant that Persia couldn’t use it to invade Greece.

Alexander’s conquest of Egypt was significant for Greece because this secured the Mediterranean coastline, which meant that Persia couldn’t use it to ________.

The type of government in which a small group of people rules society is known as ______.

Sparta’s name means _______.

Each of the following was a component of _________: Two kings; a council of 28 members; and a public assembly open to all male citizens.

Each of the following was a component of Spartan government: 2 kings; a council of 28 members; AND a _______ open to all male citizens.

Each of the following was a component of Spartan government: 2 kings; a ______ of 28 members; AND a public assembly open to all male citizens.

The following statement accurately describes Athens between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars: ________ and enjoying political and economic dominance.

The following statement accurately describes Athens between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars: they were building an empire and enjoying ________ dominance.

Plato’s political ideology is best represented by the statement that democracy gives power to the _______ instead of the educated.

The Greek ______ was a city-state.

The following statement about Athens is true: Athens established and dominated the _______ after the Persian Wars.

The following statement about Athens is true: Athens developed a ______ society.

The following statement about Athens is true: Athens established the world’s first ______.

The following statement about Athens is true: Athens developed an impressive ______.

The _______ was a conflict between the patricians and plebeians.

The “struggle of the orders” was a conflict between the ______ and plebeians.

The following was a right or privilege given to Roman citizens: free _______.

The following was a right or privilege given to Roman citizens: the right to ______.

The following was a right or privilege given to Roman citizens: safety from ______.

The following was a right or privilege given to ______: the right to hold the highest political offices.

The following was a right or privilege given to Roman citizens: free grain and wine, the right to appeal, safety from arbitrary imprisonment, AND the right to hold the highest _______.

The following men were members of the First Triumvirate: ______, Pompey, AND Crassus.

The following men were members of the First Triumvirate: Caesar, ______, AND Crassus.

The following men were members of the First Triumvirate: Caesar, Pompey, and ______.

The man considered to be the first Roman emperor was _______.

The man considered to be the first ______ was Octavian.

The ______ believed that the end of the world was quickly approaching.

The following occurred during the reign of the Five Good Emperors: the successful ______.

The following occurred during the reign of the Five Good Emperors: a deadly ______ epidemic.

The following occurred during the reign of the Five Good Emperors: a reformation and revitalization of ______.

The following occurred during the reign of the Five Good Emperors: a ______ of the emperor’s authority.

The following occurred during the reign of the _______: the successful defense of the borders, a deadly smallpox epidemic, a reformation and revitalization of bureaucracy, AND a consolidation of the emperor’s authority.

Rome won the First Punic War only after they built ______.

Rome won the ______ only after they built ships with gangplanks.

The following statements about the army of the Roman Republic is true: every ______ was required to serve.

The following statements about the army of the Roman Republic is true: the food for soldiers was mainly ______.

The following statements about the army of the Roman Republic is true: soldiers deemed ______ were killed.

The following statements about the army of the Roman Republic is true: they lost a few battles, but never _____.

The following statements about the army of the ______ is true: every adult male was required to serve, the food for soldiers was mainly bread and vegetables, soldiers deemed cowards were killed, AND they lost a few battles, but never a war.

According to Romans, “Mare Nostrum” was the _______.

According to Romans, _______ was the Mediterranean Sea.

The geography of Rome compares with that of Carthage in that both were centrally located, but Carthage was a ______.

The geography of Rome compares with that of Carthage in that both were centrally located, but ______ was a seaport city.

The basic message of ______ was that people should love God and each other.

_______ legalized Christianity.

Constantine did the following: move the ______.

Constantine did the following: defend ______ against the Germans.

Constantine did the following: adopt the ______ as his battle emblem.

We get our names for many of the days of the week from ______.

The following statement accurately portrays early Roman-German connections and conflicts: the Romans fought the Germans, but also _______.

The following statement accurately portrays early ______ connections and conflicts: the Romans fought the Germans, but also hired many of them for service in the army.

A _____ is a land grant.

The four main centers of the ______ were in the cities of Antioch, Jerusalem, Constantinople, AND Alexandria.

The four main centers of the Eastern Christian Church were in the cities of _______, Jerusalem, Constantinople, AND Alexandria.

The most powerful institution of the Middle Ages was _______.

The ______ did all of the following: herd cattle, hunt deer, attack neighboring people, and make swords from iron.

The Germanic tribes did all of the following: herd cattle, hunt deer, attack neighboring people, and _______.

The Germanic tribes did all of the following: herd cattle, hunt deer, ______, and make swords from iron.

______ was known as “the scourge of God”.

Attila was known as _______.

Subordinate warlords who swore to provide allegiance and military service to their overlord were known as _______.

The Byzantine Empire experience a population declined in the 600s and 700s because of the _______, the Bubonic Plague, and warfare.

The Byzantine Empire experience a population declined in the 600s and 700s because of the Black Death, the ______, and warfare.

The ______ experience a population declined in the 600s and 700s because of the Black Death, the Bubonic Plague, and warfare.

The Byzantine concept of _______ can be described by saying that the leader of a country should serve as the political and religious authority.

The Byzantine concept of caesaropapism can be described by saying that the leader of a country should serve as the ______.

______ was known as “New Rome”.

The following accurately describes attitudes concerning religion and politics in the Byzantine Empire: ________.

Justinian differed from his successors in that _______.

_______ is the breaking of images.

The emperors were called _______.

Christianity is the religion that was adopted by ______.

The following statement about the Khazars is true: they abandoned their ______ and built large towns.

The following statement about the Khazars is true: they tolerated ______ and Christianity.

The following statement about the Khazars is true: they created a professional, _____.

The following statement about the Khazars is true: they served as a ______ crossroads.

The following statements about ______ is true: they abandoned their nomadic heritage and built large towns; they tolerated paganism and Christianity; they created a professional, paid army; AND they served as a commercial and cultural crossroads.

The _______ completed the Islamic conquest of West Asia.

The Ottoman Turks completed the Islamic conquest of _______.

The Ottoman Turks completed the _______ of West Asia.

______ was a Christian protectorate by 500s.

Ethiopia was a _______ by 500s.

According to Muhammad, he received the revelations about Abraham after the _______ rejected him.

According to Muhammad, he received the revelations about ______ after the Jews in Medina rejected him.

______, meaning “struggle” or “striving,” is often translated to mean “holy war”.

______ might be found in a mosque. Statues, portraits, chairs, or stained glass windows would never be found there.

Pulpits might be found in a mosque. Statues, portraits, ______, or stained glass windows would never be found there.

The _____ is known as the Shari’a.

The Islamic legal code is known as the ______.

At the ______, the army of Charles Martel defeated the Muslims.

At the Battle of Tours, the _____ defeated the Muslims.

Muslim warriors demonstrated that they had conquered a territory by building a ______.

______ demonstrated that they had conquered a territory by building a mosque.

The following accurately portrays Muhammad’s views concerning the Bible: it is valid, but _______ and somewhat inaccurate.

The following accurately portrays Muhammad’s views concerning the Bible: it has been revised and translated so much that it no longer contains the fullness of _______.

The following accurately portrays Muhammad’s views concerning the Bible: it lacks something because it was not originally written in ______, the language of God.

The following accurately portrays Muhammad’s views concerning the Bible: it has been copied so much that it no longer contains ______.

According to _______, Abraham is the father of all Arab peoples.

According to Muhammad, Abraham is the father of all ______.

The following accurately depicts Jewish views toward Islam in Medina: ________.

Alexander the Great was unable to conquer India because Alexander’s men _______.

The following Greek gods was believed to be children of Zeus: Athena, Apollo, Aphrodite, and Ares. _____ was believed to be his wife.

The following Greek gods was believed to be children of Zeus: Athena, Apollo, Aphrodite, and Ares. Hera was believed to be ______.

According to the beliefs of ______, one should virtuously do his duty even in times of crisis.

_______ was the largest city-state in ancient Greece.

______ practiced each of the following methods of government: oligarchy, monarchy, democracy, and tyranny.

The Greeks practiced each of the following methods of government: oligarchy, monarchy, democracy, and ______.

Each of the following should be associated with the reign of ______: an end to debt slavery, the positioning of himself as a mediator between the rich and poor, the inclusion of all citizens in the political system, and the guaranteeing of basic rights for the poor.

The following should be associated with the reign of Solon: an end to ______.

The following should be associated with the reign of Solon: the positioning of himself as a mediator between the ______.

The following should be associated with the reign of Solon: the inclusion of ______ in the political system.

The following should be associated with the reign of Solon: the guaranteeing of ______.

_______ differed from today’s perception of democracy in that ______ didn’t include all citizens.

The following statement about Aristotle is true: he laid the foundation for many of the ______ studied in schools today.

The following statement about Aristotle is true: he was a _____ and philosopher.

The following statement about Aristotle is true: he believed that there were _____ elements of which the universe is composed.

The following statement about Aristotle is true: he was once the personal tutor of _______.

Socrates taught by ______.

______ taught by asking questions.

At the battle of ______, the Spartans fight to their death against a larger Persian army.

At the battle of Thermopylae, the Spartans fight to their death against a larger ______.

The ______ were commoners.

The plebeians were _______.

The following accurately portrays the Roman Republic’s army: they lost ______, but they never lost the war.

Each of the following accurately portrays the Roman Republic’s army: courage was richly rewarded and cowardice resulted in _____.

Each of the following accurately portrays the Roman Republic’s army: they were often amused and intrigued when they ____ a battle.

Each of the following accurately portrays the Roman Republic’s army: _____ and constant training were the norm.

Each of the following men was a member of the _______: Lepidus, Caesar Augustus, and Marc Antony.

Each of the following men was a member of the Second Triumvirate: ______, Caesar Augustus, and Marc Antony.

Each of the following men was a member of the Second Triumvirate: Lepidus, Caesar Augustus, and ______.

Many Romans held generals in higher esteem than Senators because the generals ______.

The main concern of ______ was maintaining peace and order.

The main concern of Pontius Pilate was _____.

Peter and Paul differed in that Peter believed that Jesus’ teachings were _____; Paul disagreed.

During the ______, Hannibal crossed the Alps with a group of war elephants.

During the Second Punic War, ______ with a group of war elephants.

All of the following factors threatened Rome’s stability during the ______: Augustus never formalized the position of emperor, the empire had grown too large, the empire expanded to include monotheistic societies, AND the borders were too extensive to be successfully defended forever.

The following factors threatened Rome’s stability during the Augustan Age: ______ never formalized the position of emperor.

The following factors threatened Rome’s stability during the Augustan Age: the empire had grown too _____.

The following factors threatened Rome’s stability during the Augustan Age: the empire expanded to include ______.

The following factors threatened Rome’s stability during the Augustan Age: the borders were too ______ to be successfully defended forever.

______ was a gladiator who led a slave rebellion crushing many Roman legions before he was killed.

Spartacus was a gladiator who led a slave rebellion crushing many ______ before he was killed.

The following statement concerning Roman law is accurate: Roman law aimed to achieve ______ in resolving disputes.

The following statement concerning Roman law is accurate: Roman law was the foundation for ______.

The following statement concerning Roman law is accurate: Roman law proved to be remarkably ______.

The following statements concerning Roman law is accurate: Roman law distinguished between civil and criminal procedures; Roman law aimed to achieve equity in resolving disputes; Roman law was the foundation for international law; and Roman law proved to be remarkably flexible. Roman law applied to _______.

The following statement concerning Roman law is accurate: Roman law distinguished between ______.

Roman antagonism toward Christianity was deepened by ______.

______ was the first man to reunite most of western and Central Europe after the fall of Rome.

Regarding Germanic gender roles, women were valued for ______.

The Romans unwittingly aid Alaric the Goth by mistakenly accusing ______ and massacring Germans in the empire.

The Romans unwittingly aid ______ by mistakenly accusing Stilicho of treason and massacring Germans in the empire.

The Romans unwittingly aid Alaric the Goth by mistakenly accusing Stilicho of treason and ______.

______ centered on fields, family, and church.

______ is selling of church offices.

Kingdoms different from tribes in that tribes are ______ and kingdoms are pieces of land.

Kingdoms different from tribes in that tribes are groups of people and kingdoms are ______.

______ divided the Roman Empire into two parts after concluding that it was too big for one man to rule alone.

Popes see themselves as ______.

_______ established a set of regulations for monastic life.

Benedict established a set of regulations for _______.

Social life centered on religious services, holidays, and family celebrations for ______.

Social life centered on religious services, holidays, and ______ for Byzantine peasants.

The following should be attributed to Justinian: the building of the _______.

The following should be attributed to Justinian: the ______ of Roman law.

The following should be attributed to Justinian: the attempted ______ of the Roman Empire.

______ proclaimed Christianity to be the official religion of the Roman Empire.

Theodosius proclaimed Christianity to be the official religion of the ______.

Theodosius proclaimed ______ to be the official religion of the Roman Empire.

The following statements about Justinian’s Code is true: it serves as the foundation of the modern ______ of many Western nations.

The following statements about Justinian’s Code is true: it codified and preserved ________.

The following statements about Justinian’s Code is true: it made Roman law the most ______ legal system in history.

The following statements about Justinian’s Code is true: it was compiled by ______.

The advantage of the _____ was enhanced soil fertility.

The advantage of the three-field system was enhanced ______.

The ______ overran the Western Roman Empire.

The German people overran the ______.

The _____ class was made up of aristocrats.

The boyar class was made up of ______.

Each of the following was one of the four eastern patriarchs: _______, Patriarch of Antioch, Patriarch of Alexandria, AND Patriarch of Jerusalem.

The following statement concerning Russian geography is true: Russia was _____ throughout most of its history.

The following statement concerning Russian geography is true: Russia is the most frigid _____ in the world;

The following statement concerning Russian geography is true: Central Asian Russia suffers from _____.

The following statement concerning Russian geography is true: the ______ touches only a tiny portion of Russia.

Christians disagreed on all of the following: _______, icons, the nature of Christ, and the role of the pope.

Christians disagreed on all of the following: church authority, icons, the nature of Christ, and _____.

Christians disagreed on all of the following: church authority, _____, the nature of Christ, and the role of the pope.

According to Muhammad, Allah regards _____ as “People of the Book”.

According to Muhammad, Allah regards Jews and Christians as ______.

The ______ is based on the Hijra, the year 622 A.D., and Muhammad’s journey to Medina.

The Islamic calendar is based on the Hijra, the year 622 A.D., and Muhammad’s ______.

Muhammad’s ______ was chosen as his successor.

______ would never be found in a mosque. Rugs, verses from the Qu’ran and geometric designs might be.

______ are the “ships of the desert”.

The following is mandated by the Islamic legal code: a man must treat all of his _____ equally.

The following is mandated by the Islamic legal code: a woman must be ______ in public.

The following is mandated by the Islamic legal code: women must spend most of their lives sequestered in their ______.

The following is mandated by the Islamic legal code: women are to be severely punished for ______.

The following accurately depicts Islamic beliefs concerning Muhammad, Jesus, and Moses: they believe that all three men were prophets but that ______.

The following accurately depicts _____ concerning Muhammad, Jesus, and Moses: they believe that all three men were prophets but that Muhammad was the final prophet.

Revisionists have attempted to change people’s perceptions about jihad by indicating that the term jihad really refers to ______ as opposed to anything related to war.

Jews, Christians, and Muslims have in common that they all believe in ______.

Jews, Christians, and ______ have in common that they all believe in monotheism.

After Muhammad established an umma in Medina, he tried to reconcile with Meccans by taking his followers on ______.

After Muhammad established ______, he tried to reconcile with Meccans by taking his followers on a pilgrimage to the Ka’ba.