APWH – Chapter 6 – Flashcards

Similarities - -Social inequalities -Developed civilizations independently -Depended on agriculture -All complex societies -- centralized governments -Civilizations featuring cities, states, architecture -No domesticated animals -Interaction between Africa and Eurasia Differences - -Populations in Africa and Americas smaller than Eurasia -Americas completely isolated/less linked -Africa and Eurasia exchanged ideas, crops, animals -Americas don't have technology/resources to make metal Uneven distribution of human population (Eurasia -80%, Africa 11%, Americas 5-7%) -No pastoral societies in America -Africa was tropical creating health problems -Climate, location, foods, products

-Americas political structure resembled Greece (no political structure) -Americas did not have pastoral societies -Africa had interaction _Americas are completely separated -Quipu - knotted cords used to keep record -Separate writing and domestication for trade -Develop system of agriculture -Structures, tombs, monumental architecture

-Both traded extensively with neighboring civilizations -Axums location allowed civilization to utilize Red Sea and Indian Ocean for commerce -Around sub-Saharan Africa (Nubian civilization) -Contact with Rome because statue of Augustus -Through trade, Axum is introduced to Christianity -Both developed writing -Meroe long fought with Egyptians and ruled Egypt for a little

-Not part of a large empire -No city states -Cities without larger, central government -Few signs of monarchy -Deep cycle inequalities -Cities without citadels -Had occupations, could thrive on trade

--Resembled competing city states of classical Greece -Scientific and mathematical achievements -Maya could trade with all neighboring city states around Teotihuacan -Frequent -Resembled Greece by authority, warfare, fragmented political system -Also resembled Golden Age in Greece

-Region of 10,000 sq. miles -Large influence due to space -Teotihuacan at height from 300-600 B.C. -In Mexico -Fairly modern in design of city

-Pre-deceasors to Inca -Chavin most known for their religion (created on back of trade network and provided for economic and cultural integration) -Art and architecture was influential -located high in Andes and situated on trade routes to both the coastal region to the west and Amazon to the East

-Complex irrigation system (13 rivers) -Governed by warrior priests -Art - ceramic pottery, pained w detail of noble lords and rulers, images of common life of Moche people, pictures of Gods

-Provided measure of political integration and cultural commonality for Andean region with lack on controlled territory -Allowed access to resources -Allowing exchange and redistribution of goods -Cultural influences from center -Cultural influence - pottery and textiles -Complex system of roads converting them to other people and places -Surplus of food -Used raised field system -- used swampy areas for irrigation -Established colonies

-Famers -From sub-saharan Africa -Called Bantu because of langue spoken -Known for agriculture - leads to fast population growth -Brought diseases to Africa with them -Traded with Batra - participated in trade and exchange - new crops from SE Asia, sugar cane, coconut, yam based diet -Defined gender roles as separate but equal -Not patriarchal

Similarities -Create great lasting architecture -Located in North America - Pueblo (New Mexico/Arizona), Builders (Ohio, Mississippi River Valley) -Ultimately adopted Maize -Participated in long distance trade - trade with smaller people trading with each other -Ways to track stars (calendar) Differences -Pueblo had direct contact with Mexico, Mound Builders had indirect -MB - urban centers, mound structures -Pueblo, starts later doesn't last long -MB - started earlier, lasted climax of a long history -Builders -independent agricultural revolution - did not learn from anybody in particular -Ancestral Pueblo acquired maize earlier -MB get corn later from Pueblo