World History Chapter 23 Sections 1-5 Vocab – Flashcards
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Old Regime
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the political and social system that existed in France before the French Revolution.
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Estates
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one of the three social classes in France before the French Revolution-the First Estate consisting of the clergy; the Second Estate,of the nobility; and the Third Estate, of the rest of the population.
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Louis XVI
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he was the king of France and was an extravagant spender. he paid little attention to his government advisors, and had little patience for the details of governing.
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Marie Antoinette
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she was Louis XVI's queen and often interfered in the government, and frequently offered Louis poor advice.
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Estates-General
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an assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France.
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National Assembly
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a French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate on June 17, 1789, to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people.
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Tennis Court Oath
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a pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution.
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Great Fear
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a wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789.
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Legislative Assembly
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a French congress with the power to create laws and approve declarations of war, established by the Constitution of 1791.
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Emigre
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a person who leaves their native country for political reasons, like the nobles and others who fled France during the peasant uprisings of the French Revolution.
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Sans-Culotte
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in the French Revolution, a radical group made up of Parisian wage-earners and small shopkeepers who wanted a greater voice in government, lower prices, and an end to food shortages.
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Jacobin
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a radical political organization.
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Guillotine
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a machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution.
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Maximilien Robespierre
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a Jacobin leader, who slowly gained power.
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Reign Of Terror
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the period, from mid-1793 to mid-1974, when Maximilien Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed.
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Napoleon Bonaparte
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one of the world's greatest military geniuses.
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Coup D'etat
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a sudden seizure of political power in a nation.
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Plebiscite
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a direct vote in which a country's people have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal.
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Lycee
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a government-run public school in France.
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Concordat
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a formal agreement-especially one between the pope and a government, dealing with the control of Church affairs.
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Napoleonic Code
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a comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon.
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Battle Of Trafalgar
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an 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon's forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson.
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Blockade
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the use of troops or ships to prevent commercial traffic from entering or leaving a city or region.
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Continental System
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Napoleon's policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain's economy.
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Guerrilla
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a member of a loosely organized fighting force that makes surprise attacks on enemy troops occupying his or her country.
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Peninsular War
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a conflict, lasting from 1803 to 1813, in which Spanish rebels, with the aid of British forces, fought to drive Napoleon's French troops out of Spain.
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Scorched-Earth Policy
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the practice of burning crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land.
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Waterloo
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a village in Belgium, near where the European allies quickly marshaled their armies led by the Duke of Wellington.
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Hundred Days
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the brief period during 1815 when Napoleon made his last bid for power, deposing the French king and again becoming emperor of France.
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Congress Of Vienna
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a series of meetings in 1814-1815, during which the European leaders sought to establish long-lasting peace and security after the defeat of Napoleon.
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Klemens Von Metternich
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by far the most influential of the representatives was the foreign minister of Austria, he was also a prince.
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Balance Of Power
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a political situation in which no one nation is powerful enough to pose a threat to others.
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Legitimacy
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the hereditary right of a monarch to rule.
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Holy Alliance
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a league of European nations formed by the leaders of Russia, Austria and Prussia after the Congress of Vienna.
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Concert Of Europe
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a series of alliances among European nations in the 19th century, devised by Prince Klemens von Metternich to prevent the outbreak of revolutions.
