Flashcards on Psychology Chapter 1
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Psychology
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The scientific study of behaviors & mental process
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What are the three important terms of psychology?
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Science Behavior Mental processes
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What is the meaning of \"psychology has a long past but a short history\"
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People have been studying psychology for a long time but it's been a discipline for a short period
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When was the first formal lab created?
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1879
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Who were the early Greek philosophers
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Socrates, Plato & Aristotle
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What is monism?
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The idea that the mind & body are one
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Who created/supported the idea of monism?
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Socrates
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What is dualism/Cartesian dualism?
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Soul/mind could exist separate from the body but they can influence each other
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Who supported this theory?
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Plato & Descarte
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What is nature?
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Knowledge is inborn or innate
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What is nurture?
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Knowledge is learned, experience is an important role of the environment
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Who challenged Descartes in saying that knowledge isn't innate?
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John Locke
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What is tabula rasa?
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The mind is a blank space
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What is the empirical/experimental method?
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Research on vision & perception: studying people's reaction to changes in stimuli
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Who used the empirical method?
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Herman Von Helmbolt & Gustav Fecher
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What is structuralism?
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The study of consciousness: moment to moment awareness of yourself & environment
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Who studied structuralism?
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Wilhem Wundt -- the father of psychology & Edward Titchner
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Introspection is?
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The idea of looking forward
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What are the elements of consciousness?
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Physical sensation Feelings Images
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Who was William James?
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First American psychologist, published a book going against Wundt's atoms of experience & studied how consciousness let us adapt
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What is psychometrics?
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Quantify traits and characteristics testing
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Who is the father of IQ testing?
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Alfred binet
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Who was Sir Francis Galton?
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Studied the uniqueness of the individual, found that genius ect. may be hereditary
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Who studied psychoanalytics?
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Sigmund Freud
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How did Freud study psychoanalytics?
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Unconscience motivation, early childhood experience, case studies & theory of personality & psychotherapy
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What is the iceberg theory of consciousness?
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Conscious-aware of environment Preconscious- memory/knowledge Unconscious- things unaware
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What did Erik Erikson study?
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He looked at the social aspects of personality -- lifespan approach
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What is behaviorism?
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The study of observational behavior
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What did behavioral ism object?
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Structuralism, functionalism & psychanalytics
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Who was considered the founder of behavioral ism?
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John Watson
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Who was B.F Skinner?
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Studied observational & measurable behavior, consequences, behavior through conditioning, modification, reinforcement & punishment & operate conditioning.
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Who studied Gestalt psychology?
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Wertheimer, Koffka, & Kohler
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What did Gestalt object to?
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Breaking things down-- structuralism
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What quote goes with Gestalt psychology?
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\"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts\"
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Who studied Humanism?
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Carl Rodgers & Abraham Maslow
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What did humanism object to?
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Psychoanalytic -- too much into the past, needs to focus on future Behaviorism-- too mechanical
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What is humanism?
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A more positive view of the self, affirms dignity & goodness, return of the human aspect & becoming the best you can be
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What is cognitive psychology?
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Actions governed by thought, studies mental processes,changes in problem solving abilities
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What is Piaget?
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Examining the nature of the mind
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Who was involved with sociocultural perspective
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Lev vygotsky
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What is culture?
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Group norms, values, beliefs, behaviors & traditions
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Sociocultural perspective looks at what?
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Looks at the differences & similarities of people among a diverse culture
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What is biological perspective?
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How the brain & other body functions regulate behavior
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What are three types of biological perspective?
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Behavioral neuroscience Behavioral genetics Evolutionary psychology
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What is behavioral neuroscience?
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The chemicals in the body & brain process
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What is behavior genetics?
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Genetics factor influence behavioral tendencies -- twins
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What is evolutionary psychology
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Stresses natural selection Inherited traits give some advantage Qualities of our mates
