US History- Chapter 19 Test Study Guide – Flashcards
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Central Powers
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mainly Germany and Austria-Hungary
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Allies
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France,Britain,Russia and later the United States
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Militarism
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policy of aggressively building up a nation's armed forces
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Mobilization
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readying of troops for war
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Zimmermann Note
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German telegraph offering an alliance with Mexico
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Archduke Ferdinand
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assassination by Serbian nationalists triggered WWI
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Preparedness Movement
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Advocates argued that the US should strength its armed forces in preparation for war
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U-boat
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German submarines that would attack while hidden and without warning. They aimed to attack ships that were carrying weapons to the Allies (i.e the Lusitiania, passenger ship that had weapons on board, 128 Americans died.
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Zeppelins
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German airships
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Convoy
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groups of unarmed ships surrounded by armed ships
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Success of the Convoy System
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the system eliminated the sinking of Allied ships (i.e. the Lusitania)
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Nativism
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favoritism of native born citizens over immigrants. The literacy test for immigrants was revived during WWI
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Imperialism
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a country attempts to expand its power and influence over other countries, through diplomacy or military force. The acquiring of un-colonized areas of the world is an example of this during the WWI Era
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American opposition to Germany
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Americans opposed Germany because of their frightening militarism, especially on the seas with their submarine warfare. Americans believed the Germans use of submarine warfare was uncivilized
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Sussex Pledge
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Germany's promise to warn ships before attacking (which was broken)
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Germany's violation of Sussex Pledge
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they violated the pledge by having their U-boats remain hidden and firing without warning. They sank three United States ships prompting President Wilson to urge Congress to declare war on Germany
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Network of alliances (connect this to WWI involvement)
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Much of Europe was drawn into war because of the network of alliances
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Power of modern weapons during WWI
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ushered in the modern era of war with sophisticated weapons including tanks and machine guns
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Russian Revolution
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monarchy in Russia was replaced by a republican government in the revolution leading to the rise of Communism. Americans were more willing to join the Allies after the Russian Revolution. Russia eventually exited the war which increased pressure on the Allies because now Germany didn't have to fight in two fronts (Western and Eastern)
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Wilson urged a War Resolution when
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the Germans sank three United States ships
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African Americans in World War I
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were mostly utilized for manual labor
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Genocide
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organized killing of an entire group of people
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Chateau-Thierry
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American marines helped save Paris by stopping the German advance. Watershed turn of events in the war
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As Germany weakened, the Allies sought
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the unconditional surrender of Germany
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Death toll from World War
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extraordinarily high, higher than ever seen before
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Armistice
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occurs when a cease-fire is declared between countries
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Liberty Bonds
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Americans bought bonds from the U.S. government to help finance the war. This allowed the US to loan more than $10 billion dollars to the Allies
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Sedition
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speech or action that causes or encourages rebellion against the state
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The Sedition Act made it illegal
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to discuss anything negative about the government, the constitution, the Army or the Navy
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Price controls
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system of price setting put in place by the government
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Rationing
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distribution of goods in a fixed amount
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Selective Service Act
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in place to build up the armed forces (draft)
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Response to Selective Service Act
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was met with enthusiasm for the most part. Americans were generally willing to fight in the cause to defeat the Central Powers
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The War Industries Board was able to
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have` far reaching powers, including the ability to fix prices
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Treaty of Versailles
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ended World War I. Was never ratified by the US Senate. The US signed a separate treaty with Germany
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League of Nations
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President Wilson was unsuccessful in convincing Congress to approve this. It was part of his Fourteen Points to bring about peace and stability in the world
