AP World History – Unit 2 Key Terms – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Achaemenids
answer
The first great Persian empire (558-330 BCE) which began under Cryus and reached its peak under Darius.
question
Seleucids
answer
The Persian empire (323 - 83 BCE) founded by Seleucus after the death of Alexander the Great.
question
Parthians
answer
The Persian empire (247 BCE- 224 CE) that reached its peach under Mithradates 1.
question
Satraps(ies)
answer
Persian administrators, usually of royal, who governed a satrap.
question
Zoroastrianism
answer
Persian religion based on the teaching of prophet Zarathustra; its emphasis on the duality of good and evil and on the role of individuals in determining their own fate would influence later religions.
question
Empire
answer
an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority; emperor or empress.
question
Persepolis
answer
An ancient capital of Persia; was also a monument to the Achaemenid Empire.
question
Tribute
answer
Payment made periodically by one state or ruler to another, especially as a sign of dependence.
question
Standardized Coins
answer
Coins that Darius introduced that had a value, expanded and improved trade.
question
Qanat
answer
Persian underground canal.
question
Free and Unfree Labor
answer
Free classes contained most of Persian society that received income from agricultural process; unfree were slaves that worked as domestic servants or on construction projects.
question
Magi
answer
Member of a priestly caste of ancient Persia.
question
Royal Road
answer
An ancient highway reorganized an rebuilt by Darius the Great, Achaemenid empire in the 5th century, it was 2,575 kilometers stretching from Aegean Sea to Sardis through Mesopotamia to Susa, Iran and an extension to Pasargadae and Persepolis.
question
Bureaucrats
answer
An official in government department , one perceived as being concerned with procedural correctness at expense of people's need.
question
Cyrus the Great
answer
The first Achaemenid emperor who founded Persia and was known to be a great conqueror.
question
Darius the Great
answer
King of Persia (522 to 486 BCE) who built the Royal Road, invented the standardized coin and built Persepolis.
question
Xerxes
answer
The son of Darius who became king, and had difficult relations with subject people.
question
Alexander of Macedon
answer
King of Ancient Greece kingdom, Macedon, who invaded Persia and burned down Persepolis and battled with the Achaemenids.
question
Confucianism
answer
Philosophy based on the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Kong Fuzi (Confucius) that emphasizes order, the role of the gentleman, obligations to society and social order.
question
Junzi
answer
Superior individuals.
question
Ren
answer
The Confucian term meaning kindness and being selfless.
question
Li
answer
The Confucian term meaning proprietary or certain rules to follow.
question
Xaio
answer
The Confucian term meaning the devotion and care towards the elders in one's family.
question
Eunuchs
answer
Castrated males, originally in charge of the harem, who grew to play major roles in government eunuchs were common in China and other societies.
question
Filial Piety
answer
A concept originating with Confucianism that outlines the way in which family members should interact with each other.
question
Ancestor Veneration
answer
The custom of worshiping deceased ancestors who are considered still part of the family.
question
Dao/Tao
answer
Key element in Chinese philosophy that means "the way of nature" or "the way of the cosmos".
question
Daoism/Taoism
answer
Chinese philosophy with origins in the Zhou dynasty; it is associated with legendary philosopher Laozi, and it called for a policy of non competition.
question
Legalism
answer
Chinese philosophy from the Zhou dynasty that called for harsh suppression of the common people.
question
Warring States Period
answer
A period in Ancient China following the Spring and Autumn period and concluding with the victory of the state, Qin; created unified China under Qin.
question
Analects
answer
The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries.
question
Great Wall
answer
A series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials; built along an east to west line to protect the Chinese empire.
question
Conscription
answer
Compulsory enrollment for nationaln service: the obligatory enrollment of citizens in the armed forces.
question
Hegemony
answer
Authority or control; control or dominating influence by one person of group, especially by one political group over society.
question
Kong Fuzi (Confucius)
answer
Chinese philosopher whose Analects contain a collection of his sayings and dialogues complied after his death. His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctnsss or social morality, correctness, of social relationships, justice and sincerity.
question
Liu Bang
answer
Chinese emperor; founder of the Han dynasty 202 BCE.
question
Han Wudi
answer
The seventh emporer of the Han dynasty of China, ruling from 141-87 BCE; reign lasted 54 years.
question
Animism
answer
A type of religious belief that focuses on the roles of the various gods and spirits in the natural world and in human events. Animist religions are polytheistic and have been practiced in almost every part of the world.
question
Bodhisattva
answer
A person who has attained prajna or enlightenment but postpones going to Nirvana in order to help others attain enlightenment: individual Bodhisattvas are subjects of devotion in certain sets; represented in painting and sculpting.
question
Caste System
answer
A social structure in which classes are determined by heredity; popular in China.
question
Classical
answer
Study of old cultures; the study of civilizations that flourished in the distant past, like Greece and Rome.
question
Diaspora/diasporic communities
answer
People who have settled far from their original homeland but who still share some measure of ethnic identity.
question
Enlightenment
answer
The action or state of attaining or having attained spiritual knowledge or insight, in particular (in Buddhism) that awareness which frees a person from the cycle of rebirth.
question
Nirvana
answer
Buddhist concept of a state of spiritual perfection and enlightenment in which distracting passions are eliminated.
question
Hellenistic
answer
Phase in Greek history (328-146 BCE) from the conquest of Greece by Phillip of Macedon until Greece's fall to the Romams; this era was a more cosmopolitan age faciliated by conquests of Alexander the Great.
question
Monarchy
answer
System of rule by monarch: a political system in which a state is ruled by a monarch; a hereditary head of state.
question
Missionaries
answer
Assigned tasks: a special task givenbto a person or a group to carry out; spread the word of religions such as Buddhism.
question
Monsoon/ monsoon winds
answer
Rainy season; heavy rainfall in summer for India. Affected trade.
question
Rajas
answer
A prince, chief, or ruler in India or East Indus.
question
Reincarnation
answer
Rebirth of soul; in some systems of belief the cyclic return of a soul to live another life in a new body.
question
Democracy
answer
Free and equal representation of people; the Freeman's equal right of every person to participate in a system of government.
question
Republic
answer
Political system with elected representatives; a political system or form of government in which people elect representatives to exercise their power.
question
Jainism
answer
Indian religion associated with the teacher Vardhamana Mahavira (540-468 BCE) in which every physical object possessed a soul Jains believe on complete nonviolence to all living things.
question
Siddhartha Gautama
answer
Indian kshatriya who achieved enlightenment and became known as the Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.
question
Lao Tzu (Tse)
answer
The Chinese philosopher who is traditionally regarded as the founder of Taoism.
question
Upanishads/Vedas/Gita
answer
Indian reflections that reflected basic Hindu concepts/ "Wisdom" early collections of prayers and hymns that provided info about the Indo-European Aryans who migrated into India around 1500 BCE/Song talking about human nature and the purpose of life.
question
Plato/Socrates/Aristotle
answer
All three were philosophers from Ancient Greece who contributed to math and science.
question
Julius Ceaser
answer
Was a Roman general, statesman, consult, and notable author; played critical role in the events that led to the rise of Roman Empire and demise of Roman Repubic.
question
Octavian/Augustus
answer
The first emperor of the Roman Empire and the founder of the Roman Empire.
question
Aqueducts
answer
Channel for water; a pipe of channel fof moving water to a lower level, often across great distances; Popular amoung thhe Roman Empire.
question
Paterfamilias
answer
Roman term for "the father of the family" a theoretical implication that gave the male head of the family almost unlimited authority.
question
Stoicism
answer
Impassively; emotional indifference, especially admirable paitence and endurance in the face of adversity.
question
Qin Shihuangdi
answer
The king of the state of Qin who conquered all other warring states and united China in 221 BCE.
question
Sian Qian
answer
Of the Han dynasty. He is regarded as the father of Chinese historiography because of his highly praised works.
