World History Unit 8 review – Flashcards
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Iron curtain
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Churchill's phrase came to represent Europe's division into mostly democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe.
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Containment
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President Truman's foreign policy directed at blocking Soviet influence and stopping the expansion of communism.
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NATO
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Ten Western European nations that joined with the U.S. And Canada to form a defensive military alliance.
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Warsaw Pact
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The Soviet Union saw NATO as a threat and formed its new alliance in 1955. It included the Soviet Union, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania.
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Brinkmanship
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The willingness to go to the brink, or edge, of war.
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38th Parallel
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A line that crosses Korea at 38 degrees north latitude, the communist industrial, the south was the non-communist rural.
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Domino Theory
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President Eisenhowers theory that became major justification for U.S. Foreign policy during the Cold War era where the fall of one to communism would lead to the fall of its neighbors.
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Vietnamization
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Nixon's plan that involved withdrawing 540,000 US troops from South Vietnam over an extended period of time. It also included a gradual take over of the South Vietnamese taking responsibility of fighting their own war by American-provided money, weapons, training and advice.
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Destalinization
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Social process of neutralizing the influence of Joseph Stalin by revising his policies and removing monuments dedicated to him and renaming places named in his honor.
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Détente
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A policy of lessening Cold War tensions, replaced brinkmanship under Nixon.
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What was the Truman Doctrine, and how did it cause a controversy in the U.S.?
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Truman's support for countries that rejected communism. It caused controversy because some opponents objected to American interference in other nations' affairs. Others argued that the U.S. couldn't afford to carry on a global crusade against communism.
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Describe the role of the United States and the Soviet Union when the civil war in China resulted in two nations.
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The U.S. helped set up a nationalist government on that small island. It was called the Republic of China. The Soviets gave financial aid, military aid, and technical aid to communist China.
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What was "The Great Leap Forward"?
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An economic and social campaign by the Communist Party of China. The campaign was led by Mao and aimed to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a communist society through rapid industrialization and collectivization. The campaign led to the Great Chinese Famine.
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What was the legacy of the war between North Korea and South Korea?
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It affected all major countries in the world, and it contributed to the Cold War.
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Why were the Third World nations in Latin America, Asia, and Africa economically poor and politically unstable?
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This was largely due to a long history of colonialism, they also suffered from ethnic conflicts and a lack of technology.
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Describe the idea of realpolitik.
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dealing with other nations in a practical and flexible manner.
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Red Guards
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Chinese high school and college students left their class rooms and formed militia units.
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Ho Chi Minh
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Young Vietnamese nationalist, who turned to the Communists for help in his struggle.
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Ngo Dinh Diem
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Ruled the south as a dictator. Opposition to his government grew.
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Vietcong
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Communist guerrillas began to gain strength in the south.
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Fidel Castro
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A young lawyer who led the Cuban Revolution. He was a harsh dictator.
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Daniel Ortega
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An anti-American Sandinista leader in Nicaragua.
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Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini
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The leader of the religious opposition of iran's conservative western influences.
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Nikita Krushchev
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The dominant soviet leader after Stalin died in 1953.
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Leonid Brezhnev
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Replacement for Krushchev quickly adopted repressive domestic policies.
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Lyndon Johnson
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President after the assassination of JFK. committed to stopping the spread of communism.
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John F. Kennedy
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President during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
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Richard M. Nixon
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Strong anti-Communist position. First president to visit China.
