American History: The Modern Era Since 1865 – Flashcards
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nationalism
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feeling of loyalty and devotion to one's country, honoring that nation above all others and promoting its culture and interests rather than those of other nations
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internal improvements
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roads, canals, and other transportation needs inside a nation's boundaries
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turnpike
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road barricaded by spiked poles where travelers stop to pay a fee to use the road
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toll
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fee charged for a privilege such as the use of a means of transportation
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ultimatum
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a demand that would have serious consquences of ignored
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textile
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fabric, especially woven or knitted; cloth
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closed shop
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system where all workers in a particular industry are required to be union members or emplpoyer agrees to hire only union members
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cotton gin
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a machine that cleans the seeds from cotton fibers
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faborite son
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presidential candidate supported by the delegates of the candidate's native state at a national political convention
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spoils system
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practice of dismissing government job holders affiliated with a defeated party and replacing them with supporters of the winning party
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pocket veto
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indirect rejection of a legislative bill by the president by retaining the bill unsigned until after Congress adjourns
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abolitionist
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1800s reformer who worked to end slavery
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socialism
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economic system in which government partly owns and controls production and sitribution of goods produced.
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dark horse
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political candidate unexpectedly nominated, usually as a compromise between groups
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joint resolution
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a resolution passed by both houses of Congress requiring only a simple majority vote
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popular sovereignty
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principle that the settlers within a federal territory have the power to decide the legality of slavery within that territory
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platform
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declaration of the principles and policies adopted by a political party or candidate
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secession
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formal withdrawal from an organization
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conscription
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compulsory enrollment of people for military service
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blockade
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to close off something
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bounty
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money paid to recruit soldiers for military service; payment to encourage an action
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greenback
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paper money that was not backed by gold or silver, leger-tender notes issued by the United States government
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martial law
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form of military rule that suspends Bill of Rights guarantees; law administered by teh military in an emergency situation when civilian lawenforcement agencies are not able to maintain order
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habeas corpus
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legal principle that requires that people who are arrested be brought to court to show why they sould be held; writ inquiring into the lawfulness of retaining a person who is imprisoned or detained in custody
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forage
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to live off the land
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tenant farmer
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agricultural worker who rents and farms land from another person and pays the rent either in cash or with a portion of the crop
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sharecropper
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agricultural worker who cultivates part of another person's land, receives supplies and equipment from the landowner and, in return, gives the landowner part of the harvest
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amnesty
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act of a government by which pardon is granted to an individual or groups of persons
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mandate
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clear expression of the wishes of voters, as shown in elections results
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disenfranchise
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having had the legal right to vote taken away
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impeach
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to bring charges of a crime against a federal ofr state public offical with the intent of removing the official from office
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segregation
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enforced separation of racial groups in schooling, housing ,and other public areas
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nomadic
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frequent roaming from place to place without a fixed pattern of movement, usually following a food source
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maverick
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unbranded range animal or cattle, a motherless calf
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long drive
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cattle run in which a large herd is moved across great distances to a railroad where they are shipped to market
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vigilance
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committee- organization of citizens who take the law into their own hands for their protection
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vaudeville
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stage entertainment consisting of various acts
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"Wester"
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novel, story, or Hollywood motion pictures depicting life in the western United States dividing the latter half of the nineteenth century
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meridian
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line of longitude; a great circle on the surface of the earth passing through the poles
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commodity
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economic good, product of agriculture; article of commerce
