World History I: Vocabulary Words – Flashcards
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the art or science of government
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Politics
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the study of the consumption and production of goods and services
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Economics
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tools we use to understand human interaction
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Social Sciences
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a shared set of feelings or habits that unify a group
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Culture
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one's belief; belief shared by a community
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Religion
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what a group of people believe to be right or wrong
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Ethical Systems
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a mutually acknowledged system of communication
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Language
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the distribution of people, animals, plants, resources, and industry around the world
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Geography
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use of metal and power sources to make tools, weapons, and other products
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Technology
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a first-hand account of an event (ex: Anne Frank's Diary)
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Primary Source
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a second-hand account of an event (ex: a biography about Steve Jobs)
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Secondary Source
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a personal opinion which affects fact
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Bias
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stories passed down from generation to generation orally (unwritten)
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Oral History
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Before Common Era
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B.C./B.C.E.
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Common Era
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A.D./C.E.
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a religion that only believes in one God
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Monotheism
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a monotheistic religion which Christianity broke off from
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Judaism
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the Hebrew sacred text
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Torah
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a biblical figure who was told by God to sacrifice his son, only to later find that God was testing his loyalty (Abraham just got punked!)
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Abraham
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Convenant
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Diaspora
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a set of rules God gave to Moses to spread, which affects daily behavior and life
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Ten Commandments
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a Jewish holiday which originated from the story of Moses leading the Jews out of Egypt
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Passover
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a monotheistic religion with its roots from Judaism, which believes that Jesus was the son of God
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Christianity
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someone who tries to spread the word of a religion
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Messiah
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the son of God who tried to teach the teachings of God and was crucified then later ascended to heaven
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Jesus
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a story with a moral
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Parable
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a biblical figure who spent his life travelling anf converting gentiles to Christianity
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St. Paul
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someone who doesn't have a defined religion
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Gentile
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someone who died for a cause
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Martyr
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the Roman emperor who converted to Christianity and made it legal after seeing a white cross in the sky during a battle
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Constatine
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Edict of Milan
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a branch of Christianity
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Catholic
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a branch of Christianity which was formed after it was believed that Catholisism focused too much on material goods
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Protestant
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Eastern Orthodox
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a monotheistic religion originating in the Arabic regions
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Islam
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a person who follows the faith of Islam
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Muslim
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the messanger of the Islamic God (Allah)
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Muhammod
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the sacred text of the Islam faith
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Quran
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the Islam house of worship
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Mosque
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five parts of Islam a Muslim must follow
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Five Pillars
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Kaaba
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the pilgrimage to Mecca, the holiest Islam city
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Haj
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Shariah
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Hindu hymns of prayer
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Vedas
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a system of class by which people are organized into
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Caste System
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a polytheistic religion that originated in India
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Hinduism
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a priestly class that came from Prusha's mouth that is ranked highest in Hindu society; the guardians of Hindu traditions
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Brahman
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the state of one's soul
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Atman
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cumulative impact on one's actions
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Karma
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both spiritual and practical sacred duties of a being
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Dharma
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rebirth into another living form
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Reincarnation
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continuing the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth
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Samsara
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the goal of Hindus: release from samsara; the merging of an individual's soul (atman) with the universal soul (Brahman)
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Moksha
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a practice of mental discipline, which relaxes the soul through meditation and streching
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Yoga
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emotional and physical injury
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Ahimsa
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the Indian prince who founded Buddhism
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Siddhartha Gautama
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Siddhartha Gautama's name; "the enlightened one"
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Buddha
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a religion that was created by Siddhartha Gautama, which believes that all life is full of suffering
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Buddhism
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1. life is full of suffering 2. all suffering has an origin; material goods 3. suffering can stop 4. followers must follow the Eightfold Path to cease suffering
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Four Noble Truths
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a set of values Buddhists must follow: 1. right view 2. right attitude 3. right speech 4. right action 5. right livelihood 6. right effort 7. right mind 8. right concentration
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Eightfold Path
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the middle ground between the extremities
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Middle Way
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a Buddhist's goal: the state of enlightenment
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Nirvana
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people who meditate, fast, and deny all sorts of comfort
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Ascetic
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a religion that originated from Hinduism, which puts less emphasis on ritual
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Jainism
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a monotheistic religion which embraces Hinduism and Islam
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Sikhism
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people whose power and authority are accepted by the people they govern
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Legitimacy
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a doctrine of legitimacy, which says that all Chinese rulers were "sons of heaven"
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Mandate of Heaven
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a family of rulers
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Dynasty
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a totalitarian form of power, which one ruler rules by force
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Legalism
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a philosophy created by Kong-Fu-Zi saying that the perfect society is like a family
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Confucianism
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Calligraphy
