American History II Review – Flashcards
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British prime minister during WWII who worked with the US to help defend democracy.
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Winston Churchill
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Antisemitic leader of Germany and the Nazi Party during WIII. Called for Germany to expand and not abide by the treaty of Versailles. Responsible for the murder of six million Jews in the Holocaust.
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Adolf Hitler
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US government re-located them into interment camps starting in 1942 out of fear.
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Japanese Americans
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US commander in the Philippines during WWII.
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Douglas MacArthur
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Dictator of the Communist party and of the USSR. Ruled during and after WWII. Industrialized the county. Internal Terrorism. Ruled until death.
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Joseph Stalin
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FDR's vice president who took office after the death of FDR. Responsible for deciding whether or not to drop an atomic bomb on Japan.
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Harry S. Truman
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When British and French leaders gave into Hitler's demands to avoid him invading more countries.
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Appeasement
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Invasion of Allied forces in France on the beaches of Normandy. Success for the Allies. Major turning point in the war. Dwight D. Eisenhower.
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D-Day
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City in Japan where the United States dropped the first atomic bomb forcing Japan to surrender and end the war.
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Hiroshima
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Time Period between 1939 and 1945 when six million Jews were murdered along with hundreds and thousands of others under the Nazi rule in Germany.
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Holocaust
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Allowed the US to lend or lease arms to any country considered to be "vital" to the defense of the US.
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Lend-Lease Act
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Secret name for the project to secretly build an American atomic bomb.
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Manhattan Project
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Passed by Congress to avoid getting into another World War. Made it illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country at war.
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Neutrality Acts
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Japanese attacked this US Naval base in Hawaii. Many Killed. Caused the US to get involved in WWII.
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Pearl Harbor
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New International political organization formed to prevent another (possibly nuclear) world war.
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United Nations
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His Coldwar policies were: Massive Retaliation, Brinkmanship and, Covert Operations.
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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Leader of the Soviet Union during the cold war who was responsible for the Cuban Missile Crisis and building the Berlin Wall.
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Nikita Krushchev
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Leader of Communist China, founded the Communist people's republic of China.
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Mao Zedong
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Secretary of State in 1947 who was responsible for creating "The Marshall Plan".
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George C. Marshall
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Blamed the spread of Communism on traitors within the US government (list of 205 people) with little to no evidence to support his accusations.
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Joseph McCarthy
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Accused of selling information on atomic bomb to the Soviet Union (1950). Charged with espionage. Executed 1953.
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Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
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GB, US, France merged areas of Germany to form West Germany. Soviets Blocked off all routes into West Berlin. US and GB supply Berlin with supplies by air. Successful, called off blockade.
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Berlin Airlift
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List of people viewed with suspicion or disapproval of being communist.
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Blacklist
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Effort to keep communism in a small area. Don't let them spread their ideas or expand their power.
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Containment
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Metaphorical barrier between eastern Europe (Communism) and Western Europe (Democracy).
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Iron Curtain
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Conflict that occurred during the cold war at the 38th parallel (the most dangerous place in the world). Soviets = North = Communism. US = South = Democracy.
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Korean War
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Recovery plan for western Europe to rebuild after WWII.
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Marshall Plan
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Promised to aid each other if any were attacked.
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NATO
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History's first artificial satellite object to orbit the earth. Soviet Union launched in 1957. Caused the US to establish NASA.
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Sputnik
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Pledged the US to fight communism worldwide
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Truman Doctrine
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Divided Germany into 4 zones. (Divided between the "winners" of WWII: US, USSR, GB, and France)
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Yalta Conference
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The "King of Rock n Roll"
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Elvis Presley
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Developed polio Vaccine
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Jonas Sulk
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Sharp Rise in the number of babies born between the end of WWII and 1961
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Baby Boom
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Program Truman presented to convert the economy from wartime to peacetime.
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Fair Deal
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Serviceman's readjustment act
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G.I. Bill of Rights
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First (American) Man to walk on the moon.
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Neil Armstrong
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Communist Dictator of Cuba, alliance with the USSR.
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Fidel Castro
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First man from the US to orbit the earth.
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John Glen
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Became President after the death of JFK. Great Society. War on Poverty. Escalated US involvement in Vietnamese conflicts.
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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Youngest President, Assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald, New Frontier, Helped with Civil rights, Helped the Disabled.
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John F. Kennedy
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Presidents can only serve 2 terms
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22nd Amendment
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(First) Lunar module to land on the moon. United States.
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Apollo 11
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Eisenhower's secret plan carried out by JFK for 1500 cuban exiles to invade Cuba at the bay of pigs. Disaster! Reflected poorly on the JFK administration.
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Bay of Pigs
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East Berliners were escaping to the west. JFK refused to leave west Berlin. Khrushchev had a wall built down the middle. Torn down in 1989.
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Berlin Wall
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Soviets armed Cuba with Missiles aimed at the US. Almost led to nuclear war. US naval ships blockaded Cuba until Soviet Union agreed to remove missiles.
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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One of Johnson's domestic programs
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Great Society
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Gave aid to people ages 65+ (medical care/insurance)
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Medicare
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Kennedy's new domestic policy proposals. Increase aid to education. Health Insurance to the Elderly.
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New Frontier
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Organization that sent Americans to provide humanitarian services in less developed nations.
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Peace Corps
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Concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin of JFK.
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Warren Commission
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Leader of the US African American civil rights movement. "I have a dream". March on Washington.
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Martin Luther King Jr.
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First African American Supreme court Justice.
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Thurgood Marshall
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Refused to move and sit in the "black section" of the bus and was put in jail for it, this incident started the Montgomery bus Boycott.
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Rosa Parks
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Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson --> Segregation in schools = illegal & constitutional
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Brown v. Board of Education
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Disobeying an unjust law.
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Civil Disobedience
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Made Segregation Illegal in Public Places
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Made bus violence/issues known nationally. College Students rode together. Whites and Blacks rode together. Form of Civil Disobedience
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Freedom Rides
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To bring together two previously separated groups of people.
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Integration
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Peaceful and successful bus boycott lead by MLK that urged African Americans to not ride the bus.
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
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Separate but equal
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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The Mexican MLK. Nonviolent Protest. Latino Rights
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Cesar Chavez
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Author of "The Feminine Mystique"
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Betty Friedam
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Nation Organization for women. Founded by Betty Friedam.
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NOW
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Communist leader of North Vietnam
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Ho Chi Minh
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Provided for the filling of the VP position if a vacancy occurs.
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25th Amendment
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Lowered voting age from 21 to 18
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26th Amendment
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If one nation in southeast Asia falls to communism, the rest of Southeast Asia would also fall.
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Domino Theory
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Jan 30, 1968. NVA and Vietcong launched a surprise attack on US forces throughout. Showed that communism forces still had strength and wanted to fight.
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Tet Offensive
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Gave Johnson the power to take all needed measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the US without getting the approval of congress.
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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Prevented undeclared wars. Required president Johnson to get approval from congress before sending US troops to an armed struggle.
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War Powers Act
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First President to visit USSR since WWII.
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Richard Nixon
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Nixon's Security Advisor
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Henry Kissinger
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Journalists who broke the watergate story
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Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein
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An agreement between Israel and Egypt to end 30 years of war in the middle east.
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Camp David Accords
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A thawing of cold war tensions during the 1970's
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Détente
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Environmental protection agency set and enforced pollution standards, promoted research, directed anti(pollution) activities with state and local governments.
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EPA
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The ayatollah Klomeini led a revolution in Iran and took 60+ Americans hostage for 444 days
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Iran Hostage Crisis
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Founded by oil exporting countries to set prices on oil.
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OPEC
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Talks between the US and USSR that lead to a treaty limiting the numbers and types of long range missiles each country could have.
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SALT
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Book; concluded hat DDT (insecticide) was harmful to the environment
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Silent Spring
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Accident in a nuclear power plant, raised new questions about the safety of nuclear power. (Not Chernobyl).
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Three Mile Island
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Scandal in which president Nixon authorized the cover-up of a break in at the Democratic National committee headquarters which led to his resignation.
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Watergate
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Opened a new era of US-Soviet relations; Dismantled the Soviet "Empire" in Eastern Europe. "Tear Down this Wall"
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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Dictator of Iraq. Trial in 2003. Executed in 2006.
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Saddam Hussein
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First Female Supreme Court Justice
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Sandra Day O'Connor
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Conservative; republican --> won election of 1980 (beat Pres. Carter) --> Best Known as an actor --> Somebody tried to assassinate him.
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Ronald Reagan.
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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
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AIDs
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Secretly sold weapons to Iran in exchange for American hostages and profits sent to the contras.
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Iran-Contra Affair
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"openness" --> allowed more freedom of religion and speech, enabling people to discuss politics openly.
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Glasnost
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Reconstructing of Soviet Economy. Allowed some private enterprise and profit making.
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Perestroika
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1990 Iraqi Dictator Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait. Operation Desert Storm = UN invasion. Led by US to force Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait.
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Persian Gulf War
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Belief that the federal budget could be balanced by cutting taxes. More Military Spending.
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Reaganomics
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1989, Chinese Students and workers held demonstrations for democracy.
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Tiananmen Square
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First woman to ever be appointed to Secretary of State.
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Madeline Albright
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Republican nominated for president in 1988, Reagan Endorsed.
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George H.W. Bush
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Elected in 1992 (re-elected 1996) (Democrat). 2nd president to be impeached (scandal). Whitewater.
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Bill Clinton
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Chaired Healthcare committee. Senator in NY. Democratic Presidential Candidate in 2008. Current Secretary of State.
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Hillary Clinton
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Founder of Microsoft
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Bill Gates
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5 day waiting period for handgun purchases
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Brady Bill
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Co-Founders of Apple Inc.
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Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak
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Potential Environmental threat caused by rising temperatures on Earth from heat trapped in the planet's atmosphere.
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Global Warming
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Trade Agreement between US, Canada, and Mexico.
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NAFTA
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allows users to post information in the form of web pages and click on links to jump from website to website
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World Wide Web
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Leader of Al-Queda. One of the main people responsible for the 9-11 attacks on America
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Osama Bin Laden
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Elected President in 2000, Beat Al Gore. 8 months into his presidency American was attacked.
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George W. Bush
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Elected President in 2008. First African American President.
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Barack Obama
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Terrorist attack on America. Four Planes hijacked. One plane into Pentagon. Two planes into world trade center. 1 plane into Shanksville PA.
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September 11, 2001
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Military action by the US on acts of terror.
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War on Terror
