question

New South Movement

answer

wanted south to boom like north, if small towns joined together they would prosper, diversify, share cropping, tenant farming, Henry Grady

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Wade Davis Bill

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50% of white voters in each state had to declare loyalty to union to be readmitted, had to give blacks the right to vote, swear they never took part in the confederacy, congress passed bill but lincoln pocket vetoed it

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Ulysses S Grant

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election of 1868, won by a landslide, served 2 terms, hated johnson, bad judge of character, many laws passed under him

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Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

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Fired stanton even after tenure of office act passed, house drew up reasons, tried in senate and was not convicted by one vote

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Henry Spencer

answer

came up with idea of social darwinism

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Impact of Reconstruction

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created conservative one party south, state governments small, south became rural/poor, lack of leadership, created weakness

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Social Darwinism

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19th century idealists, survival of the fittest, laissez faire, social evolution

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War Time Reconstruction

answer

10% plan: recognize abolition of slavery, 10% of voters had to declare loyalty to the union, ignored freedmen

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Freedmen's Bureau

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had to be renewed every year, built schools, helped find jobs, provided protection, created 14th amendment--defined citizenship, if they ratify this amendment they can rejoin

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Black Codes

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laws passed by south to control freedmen, social control, not allowed to vote/hold certain jobs/had to live in certain places/ curfews, if you didn't have a job you went to join, recognized marriages while enslaved, if to young/old to work former owner had to care for you

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Radical Reconstruction

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southern states placed under military control, governments suspended until black males could vote and 14th amendment ratified, Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner, wanted to punish south, feared plantation elite would come back in to power

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Cattlemen

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after civil war huge shortage on meat in the east, texans drove animals to kansas and chicago to railroads

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Transcontinental Railroad

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1860s, linking railway network east to west, set US on path of economic abundance

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Little Big Horn

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Sioux and Cheyenne defiantly leave reservation, army of 2000 men under Custer were watching them and attacked, Custer was counter attacked and got his men and him killed

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JM Chivington

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attacked 250 indians under Black Kettle rule for no reason, killing innocent men, women, and children, never prosecuted but forced out of Colorado militia

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Henry Bessemer

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english, made pure steel--burn carbon impurities for stronger metal, made steel rails for railroads allowing them to go 30x faster

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Credit Mobiler

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owned by Union pacific railroad, poured money into owners pockets, repaired RR line, construction company, corruption when Ames (congress rep) sold shares to congress at par

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Thomas Edison

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american, invented: cameras, lightbulbs, photographs, phonographs, had a factory and paid people to come up with ideas

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Reconstruction

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changing state and society of the former confederacy

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Effects of the Civil War

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slaves freed, slavery destroyed, union preserved, political dominance of south destroyed, when south left congress north was able to make necessary changes, federal government became involved: tariffs and railroads

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John Rockefeller

answer

standard oil, monopoly oil company, vertical/horizontal organization, richest man 1911 and retired and spent the rest of his life being a philanthropist

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Andrew Carnegie

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steel, vertical/horizontal organization, retired in 1901, pushed alot of people out business, sold his company to US steel investors, built: libraries, music halls, and royal courts

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Redeemers

answer

white southern democrats started to take over the southern government again, saving south from evil

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Goodnight Loving Trail

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last trail made, Texas to Wyoming, cattle drives--short lived after railroads, easy way to transport cattle

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John Wilkes Booth

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stage actor, assassinated Lincoln 4/14/1865 at Fords Theater in DC, opposed abolition, confederate

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Ku Klux Klan

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started by Nathan Forrest, ex confederates, started as friends gathering and drinking, used tactics to scare freedmen

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KKK Enforcement Acts

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Benjamin Butler, squash KKK, allowed military to go get them

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Tenure of Office Act

answer

president can't fire an official without senates approval, Johnson ignored and fired Stanton

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Morrill Act of 1862

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30,000 acres for each senator/representative in each state, sell land and put that money towards an agriculture college, A&M

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Sutters Mill

answer

John Sutler found gold in Cali at his lumber mill by a river, set off gold rush

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Carpetbaggers

answer

people who came from north to south to take advantage, southern myth

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Scalawags

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white southerns who took advantage of the south during reconstruction, traders to their own people

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Western Indians

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plains-nomads, followed the buffalo, fine with whites passing through, but didn't like settlers and would fight them

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Homestead Act of 1862

answer

if you go west you can obtain 160 acres of land, but you have to make improvements on it to keep it, enabled white men and women to claim free/inexpensive land

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Urbanization

answer

agriculture to industrial, people migrate to US for better life and wanted to take part in economic growth

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Compromise of 1877

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agreement among politicians, Hayes could only be president in exchange for: ending reconstruction, removing federal troops from south

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Plessy VS Ferguson

answer

establish seperate but equal, 1/8th black freeman gets on a black train to test the law and gets arrested, "don't fight movement openly, prove yourself economically and you'll get your equal rights"

question

Joint Committee on Reconstruction

answer

created to check on south, sent 15 men to see if they deserved a seat in congress, drafted 14th amendment, while in south noticed: south will rise again attitude, black codes, so they created freedmens bureau

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General Amnesty Act of 1872

answer

Pardoned more than 150,000 confederates restoring their right to vote and hold political offices

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Civil Rights Act of 1866

answer

granted citizenship and the same right enjoyed by the white citizens to all male persons in the US, Andrew Johnson vetoes but overturned by 2/3 vote in congress

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Preemption Act of 1841

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160 acres of land for $1.25 offered to public, legalized settlement of federal land after being surveyed

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Joseph Glidden

answer

barbed wire, changed the way of farming and territory rights

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Alexander Graham Bell

answer

telephone

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Charles Goodyear

answer

developed process for more stable rubber

question

American Federation of Labor

answer

made by craft unions who came from Knights of labor--as that lost strength this gained it, protect harmony among unions, wanted higher wages and job security, founded by Samuel Gompers

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Samuel Gompers

answer

cigar maker, founder of AFL--shorter hours, higher wages

question

Edwin Drakes

answer

pumping/drilling for oil

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James Duk

answer

tobacco

question

Knights of Labor

answer

1869, promoted the working man, leader was Terrance Powderly, rejected socialism/radicalism, wanted 8 hour work days, negotiated with employers, moral laborers, founded by Uriah Stephens, favored political action, open to all except pimps, lawyers, bankers, gamblers, liquor salesmen, etc

question

Homestead Steel Strike

answer

Carnegie owned it, Frick ran operations, locked out union workers wanting to break them apart, Frick had Pinkerton detective agency come in for security, the workers attacked and had a several day standoff, government sided with Frick and 12 hour work days, union blacklisted, and 500 jobs taken away

question

Interstate Commerce Commission

answer

1887, regulate railroads and then trucking to insure fair rates over state lines, made in response to pullmans strike

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Sherman Anti Trust Act

answer

1890, federal government tries to break up monopolies, anyone who conspires to restrain trade--focused towards unions

question

Dawes Act

answer

1887, divided communal tribal land and undermined tribal sovereignty, stopped US army efforts to destroy indians, created schools but indians couldn't understand english, wanted them to adapt to US way of living

question

Industrialization

answer

1820-1870, economic development where everything began to be made in factories, immigrants provided cheap labor force

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Comstock Lode

answer

first US discovery of silver ore under slope of mount davidson

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Shawnee Trail

answer

first major route used by cattle trailing, industry to deliver longhorns to midwest

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Placer Mining

answer

huge portions of the mountains were washed away. Miners used huge hydraulic hoses to wash dirt through long sloughs to wash out the gold.

question

Presidential Plan

answer

Johnson, 1865-1867, had less than $2000 you were pardoned, if more you had to right a letter asking, have a constitutional convention abolishing slavery and repudiate confederate debt, said nothing to freedmen, pardoned almost everyone

question

Dunlop Community

answer

Benjamin Singleton created a community in Kansas, defeated by environment, dry farming, no water after homestead act

question

Monopolies

answer

single person/enterprise is the only supplier of a certain commodity, lack of competition, quality of products went down while price went up

question

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

answer

Textile business in NY, 1909 went on strike for higher wages, 1911 a first started killing many worker, in response Frances Perkins enacted fire safety and building codes and stiff penalties

question

Haymarket Riot

answer

Chicago, railroad workers, police called in used brutality, started police strike, organizers were anarchists--believe in no government, police show up and bomb goes off don't know which side set it off, horrified middle class, hated unions

question

Pullman Strike

answer

Illinois, 1894, workers lived on plantations, unions called it debt slavery, tried to reduce wages because of failing economy, workers went on strike, company went to government and they sided with company saying it interfered with the disbursement of mail and that was illegal and forced them to go back to work

question

Termination Policy

answer

no longer an indian, you are equal to everyone, native americans granted rights and citizenship, made to reduce dependency on bureaucracy, terminated sovereignty of tribes, now had to pay taxes and fall laws

question

Uriah Stephens

answer

founded knights of labor, wanted to be a baptist minister, instead became a tailer and very involved in politics, ran for the labor party for congress, group wanted to go public and change ceremonies to be less offensive to christians and he did not like that so he left the group

US History since 1877 test 1 – Flashcards

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