History of Western Music II (LAHN-212) Quiz 1 – Flashcards
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Cyclic
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A multi-movement composition that shares material between the movements.
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Program Music
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music that reflects more than purely the music itself.
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Song Cycles
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groups of songs that were related to one another in a narrative fashion, or more freely by sharing a mood or emotion.
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Idée Fixe
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Berlioz—theme, or melody associated with a character / changing situation
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Bel Canto
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operatic style which emphasized beautiful, lyrical, and often elaborate melodic passages for the voice.
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Risorgimento
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rebirth of Italian nationalism (first period of Verdi's creative life)
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Leitmotif
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operatic motif associated with a person, thing, or mood. returns throughout a piece.
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Gesamtkunstwerk
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'combination of the arts.' a restoration of early Greek dramatic concepts. (wagner)
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Music Drama
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a term that replaced 'gesamtkunstwerk,' thankfully.
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Bayreuth
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city in germany where Wagner designed his own theater—there are music festivals held here each summer.
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Brahms-Wagner Split
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europe divided between 'absolute' music and 'music drama'
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Opéra Bouffe
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comic operas often based on historical or mythological topics
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Georges Bizet
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pianist—won 'prix de rome' in 1857. composed "Carmen"
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Symphonic Poem
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Coined by Liszt for a one movement, programmatic piece for orchestra that conveyed an idea through themes
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Thematic Transformation
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Liszt—adapting themes to different situations.
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Recital
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Liszt performing solo piano pieces in a concert hall.
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Concert Etude
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19th century etudes performed in concert.
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Nocturne
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'night piece' short piano piece, highly embellished melody, contemplative mood (romantic period)
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Ballade
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instrumental piece inspired by narrative poetry
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Grand Opera
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serious opera, sung throughout
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Melodrama
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genre of musical theater combining dialogue with background music.
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Verismo
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presenting everyday people in familiar situations, often quite brutally.
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Beethoven
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German. studied w/ Haydn. Composed symphonies, piano sonatas, string quartets, Fedelio-only operas, pastoral and choral pieces. developed deafness.
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Beethoven's creative life
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Classical, Romantic (innovative, popular), Baroque (smaller audience, deaf)
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Schubert
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Austrian. 1000 works before death at 31. 'unfinished symphony' in C. over 600 'lieder'
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Liszt
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Hungarian. pianist. influenced by paganini. first recitals. early music is complex and showy. later music anticipates impressionism. used thematic trans. cyclic, prog. music. invented symphonic poem (les preludes)
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Schumann
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German composer / critic. married Clara Wieck. wrote descriptive piano suites—kinderscenen, carnaval, papillons, davidsbundlertanze. wrote song cycle Dichterliebe.
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Chopin
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Polish. piano composer. influenced by bach, mozart, bel canto opera, polish dance music. wrote etudes and operas for piano. 24 preludes
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Polonaises and Mazurkas
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polish dance music
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Mendelssohn
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german. child prodigy / wealthy. pianist. revived bachs music performing st matthew passion. wrote Midsummer Night's Dream Hebrides. No. 3 Scottish, No. 4 Italian, No. 5 Reformation.
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Berlioz
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French. arranger. dramatic music, no chamber or piano music. Symphonie Fantastique. idée fixe. loved Harriet Smithson. wrote a book on instrumentation / orchestration.
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Brahms
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German. 'heir to beethoven.' 4 symphonies (1st took 20 years) friends with schumann. represents 'absolute music'
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'Great Symphony'
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Schubert—post-mortem, in C
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'Unfinished Symphony'
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Schubert—b minor.
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Sym. No. 5
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Beethoven mvt. 1—dun dun dun dunnnnn mvt. 3—slower variations on the above rhythmic motif.
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Sonata No. 23 in f minor
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Beethoven fluttering piano.
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Erlkönig
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Schubert Ostinato piano intro—male vocalist enters.
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Les Preludes
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Liszt string intro. winds join. orchestral—strings arpeggiating.
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Dichterliebe: Im wunderschönen
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Schumann Higher Register Piano, male vocalist enters. (listen for "im wunderschönen") third audio example is quicker.
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Ballade No. 1 in g minor
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Chopin Starts with Octaves Virtuosic. Soft piano recording.
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Concerto for Violin mvt. 3
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Mendelssohn question; is a violinist killing it right now? yes? it's the Concerto for Violin mvt. 3
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Symphonie Fantastique Op. 14: mvt. 4 'March to the Gallows'
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intro w/ percussion. unison strings—many descending lines. glorious sounding brass!
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Sym. No. 2: Mvt. 1
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Brahms Begins with soft strings. Nearly a 'swung' rhythm.
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A German Requiem: VI
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Brahms Listen for a Choir
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Tristan und Isolde
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Wagner begins with descending line Subdued male vocalist enters.
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La Traviata: Act 1
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Verdi Vocalist solo at first. Female joins. Powerful choir later on.
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La Bohéme: Act 1
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Puccini Female vocalist. Flute countermelody at points.
