US History Chapter 9 Test Review – Flashcards
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NACW
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National Association of Colored Women;
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Suffrage
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The right to vote
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Susan B. Anthony
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social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Assosiation.
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Florence Kelley
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An advocate for improving the lives of women and children. (Social Welfare). She was appointed chief inspector of factories in Illinois. She helped win passage of the Illinois factory act in 1893 which prohibited child labor and limited women's working hours.
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NAWSA
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National American Woman Suffrage Association; founded in 1890 to help women win the right to vote.
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Upton Sinclair
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muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.
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The Jungle
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This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.
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Pure Food and Drug Act
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The act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs.
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NAACP
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism and to gain civil rights for African Americans, got Supreme Court to declare grandfather clause unconstitutional.
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Goals of Progressivism
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(1) protect social welfare (2) create economic reform (3) promote moral improvement (4) fostering efficiency.
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Gifford Pinchot
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head of the U.S. Forest Service under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them.
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Payne-Aldrich Tariff
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Signed by Taft in March of 1909 in contrast to campaign promises. Was supposed to lower tariff rates but Senator Nelson N. Aldrich of Rhode Island put revisions that raised tariffs. This split the Repulican party into progressives (lower tariff) and conservatives (high tariff).
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Progressive Party
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Also known as the "Bull Moose Party", this political party was formed by Theodore Roosevelt in an attempt to advance progressive ideas and unseat President William Howard Taft in the election of 1912. After Taft won the Republican Party's nomination, Roosevelt ran on the Progressive party ticket.
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Richard A. Ballinger
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Conservative corporate lawyer; tried to make nearly 1 million acres of forest and mineral reserves available for private development.
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Muckrakers
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A group of investigative reporters who pointed out the abuses of big business and the corruption of urban politics; included Frank Norris (The Octopus) Ida Tarbell (A history of the standard oil company) Lincoln Steffens (the shame of the cities) and Upton Sinclair (The Jungle).
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Recall
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Procedure for submitting to popular vote the removal of officials from office before the end of their term.
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Initiative
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A procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment.
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Referendum
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A state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment.
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"Bully Pulpit"
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The ability to use the office of the presidency to promote a particular program and/or to influence Congress to accept legislative proposals.
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Socialist Party
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Political Party in the United States which supports socialism - working people own and control the means of production and distribution through democratically- controlled public agencies, cooperatives, or other collective groups.
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Carrie Chapman Catt
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(1859-1947) A suffragette who was president of the National Women's Suffrage Association, and founder of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. Instrumental in obtaining passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920.
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Clayton Antitrust Act
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1914 act designed to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890; certain activities previously committed by big businesses, such as not allowing unions in factories and not allowing strikes, were declared illegal.
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Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
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A government agency established in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and help maintain a competitive economy, support antitrust suits.
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Federal Reserve System
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The country's central banking system, which is responsible for the nation's monetary policy by regulating the supply of money and interest rate.
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16th Amendment
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Allows the federal government to collect income tax.
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17th Amendement
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Amendment to the Constitution that guaranteed the direct election of Senators by a state's voters. In the case of a vacancy, a special election is called to fill the vacancy.
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Goals of Prohibition
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Improve family life, Reduce poverty, Improve efficiency, Decrease crime, Improve health, Reduce corruption.
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19th Amendment
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Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.
