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cash crops

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any crop that is considered easily marketable.

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coerced labor systems

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a system where the workers were forced to work based on threats, pressure, or intimidation.

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colonialism

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exploitation by a stronger country of weaker one; the use of the weaker country's resources to strengthen and enrich the stronger country.

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concessions in colonies

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Colonies yielding the argument against them. conceding for the imperialists

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diasporas

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any religious group living as a minority among people of the prevailing religion; the scattering of the Jews to countries outside of Palestine after the Babylonian captivity.

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"effective occupation"

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The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 sought to regulate the competition between the powers by defining "effective occupation" as the criterion for international recognition of territorial claims.

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epidemic disease

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any infectious disease that develops and spreads rapidly to many people.

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extraterrioriality

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privilege of immunity from local law enforcement enjoyed by certain aliens. Although physically present upon the territory of a foreign nation, those aliens possessing extraterritoriality are considered by customary international law or treaty to be under the legal jurisdiction of their home country.

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feudal

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the social and economic arrangement under which people are paid for protection and farming privleges by giving goods and services to an overlord.

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ideology

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the body of doctrine, myth, belief, etc., that guides an individual, social movement, institution, class, or large group.

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imperial

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characterizing the rule or authority of a sovereign state over its dependencies.

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imperialism

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the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies.

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indentured servants

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agreed to work for a certain period of time to pay off a debt of some kind or for exchange of travel expenses.

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industrialization

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the development of industry on an extensive scale.

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labor union

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Organization of workers for the purpose of increased lobbying power for benefits and wages

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laissez- faire capitalism

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the idea that the economy could run itself w/o influence from the government.

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liberalism

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a broad class of political philosophies that considers individual liberty and equality to be the most important political goals.

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manumission

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the act of freeing slaves, done at the will of the owner.

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marxism

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is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marxism holds at its core a critical analysis of capitalism and a theory of social change.

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mercantilism

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an economic theory that holds that the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable".

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middle class

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the group of people in contemporary society who are between the working class and upper class.

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missionaries

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a person sent by a church to spread their religion and help others.

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modernization

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to make modern; give a new or modern character or appearance to.

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monopoly

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exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices.

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nation- state

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a sovereign state inhabited by a relatively homogeneous group of people who share a feeling of common nationality.

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natural rights

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any right that exists by virtue of natural law.

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patriarchy

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a form of social organization in which the father is the supreme authority in the family, clan, or tribe and descent is reckoned in the male line.

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joint- stock companies

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partnership between two companies.

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political reforms

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when someone or a group of people tries to change political policies in order to make them better.

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revolution

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an overthrow or repudiation and the thorough replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed.

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sanitation systems

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system designed to protect public health.

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sepoys

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(formerly, in India) a native soldier, usually an infantryman, in the service of Europeans, esp. of the British.

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social darwinism

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"survival of the fittest" - the idea that only the strong survive.

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socialism

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a theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole.

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sovereignty

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the status, dominion, power, or authority of a sovereign; royalty.

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suffrage

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the right to vote, esp. in a political election.

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syncretism

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the attempted reconciliation or union of different or opposing principles, practices, or parties, as in philosophy or religion.

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tax revenue

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government income due to taxation.

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victorian

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of or pertaining to Queen Victoria or the period of her reign.

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free- trade imperialism

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trading with colonies w/o having to pay tax and getting things cheaper.

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humanitarian values

answer

values that promote better conditions for people throughout the world.

AP World History Unit 4 1750- 1914 – Flashcards

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