question

The most common reason teachers give for choosing a teaching career is

answer

a desire to work with young people

question

Teachers most often say their greatest contribution to society is helping children to

answer

achieve their potential.

question

According to teacher and researcher Jean Anyon, teachers are natural agents for improving society because

answer

their values align with that purpose.

question

Teachers who say their passion for a subject was a major reason for their choice of a teaching career most commonly teach in

answer

high schools.

question

In the United States, the percentage of new teachers who leave the field of teaching in the first five years is between ___ and ___ percent.

answer

40; 50

question

During and immediately after America's Civil War, the demand for teachers rose sharply in the South, mainly due to the educational needs of

answer

newly freed slaves.

question

Which of the following best expresses the major purpose of the progressive education movement?

answer

to create an environment for helping to improve American life.

question

One of the most important effects of the growth of high schools in the early twentieth century was that it offered teachers new opportunities for

answer

specialization and higher pay.

question

Teachers who served in the Peace Corps during its early years were employed mainly to

answer

promote American principles abroad.

question

The nationwide move to require all public school teachers to have completed a bachelor's degree took place during the ________.

answer

1950s

question

Which of the following was one of the major effects of school desegregation on teachers during the decade after the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision?

answer

Many black teachers lost their jobs.

question

Support for \"teacher-proof\" curricula was based on the assertion that

answer

students should be protected from poor teaching.

question

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 attempted to strengthen public schools by

answer

providing federal financial aid.

question

Christopher Jencks' 1972 book, Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effects of Family and Schooling in America, placed most of the blame for unequal student achievement on

answer

economic inequality.

question

Recent research cited by Haycock suggests that unequal student outcomes could be dramatically improved by placing a priority on

answer

teacher quality.

question

Current research indicates that on the whole, teachers' potential impact on student learning is

answer

significant.

question

In a recent Public Agenda Foundation study, when teachers were asked if they had as much influence on student performance as parents and environments, the results showed that teachers

answer

are divided on this question.

question

In addition to her other noteworthy accomplishments, Ella Flagg Young was famous for her opposition to

answer

close supervision of teachers.

question

In a study of grade school students in Dallas, Texas, the math test scores of students taught by highly effective teachers _______, while the scores of those taught by the least effective teachers ________.

answer

improved; declined

question

Recent statistics show that over 50 percent of U.S. high school students are taught physical science by teachers who

answer

did not specialize in physical science.

question

Bransford et al. believe that most students can learn more when teachers have a better grasp of

answer

pedagogical techniques.

question

When Richard Light asked college students to name their most influential professors and why, they typically cited the professor's ability to

answer

help them connect with the subject matter.

question

Poor parent-teacher relations are often based on differing backgrounds and perspectives that lead to

answer

mistrust.

question

Asian American parents may be reluctant to become involved with their children's schooling for the following cultural reason:

answer

They consider it outside their proper role.

question

According to Comer, parental involvement in schools

answer

generally improves academic achievement.

question

In Bonnie McReynolds's PIE Program to promote parental involvement in their children's schooling, parents are

answer

offered several different ways to become involved.

question

The total number of students attending American public schools is

answer

increasing.

question

Which of the following demographic changes is expected to occur in American schools in the next 20 years?

answer

European Americans will no longer outnumber today's ethnic minorities.

question

Currently, more than 50 percent of immigrants to the United States come from

answer

Latin America.

question

Which of the following is true of the category of Black Americans?

answer

No single ethnicity can be assumed.

question

Citizenship Schools were created in the South in the 1950s to promote _________ among African American adults.

answer

literacy

question

At present, a majority of Hispanic students in New York and much of the Northeast are of ________ descent.

answer

Puerto Rican

question

The ENLACE program was created to

answer

encourage Hispanic students to stay in school.

question

The overall goal of nineteenth-century government schools for Native Americans was to

answer

convert them to participation in European-American culture.

question

The relaxation of federal controls and the growth of tribal gaming revenues has had which of the following effects on Native American schools?

answer

They are better funded and more culturally distinct.

question

A common stereotype of Asian Americans is that they are ________ students.

answer

model

question

The U.S. Supreme Court's 1954 Brown v. Board of Education ruling overruled a previous Supreme Court decision that public services could be segregated if they were

answer

equal.

question

Of the following, the most significant problem for gay and lesbian students in public schools is

answer

harassment from peers.

question

White, middle-class teachers are often unaware of their positions of ________ in society.

answer

privilege

question

One problem with a \"color-blind\" approach to teaching minority students is that this approach may

answer

fail to meet important needs.

question

Which of the following best explains why there was little effort to ensure public school access for all American children before the 1960s?

answer

It was considered acceptable for some to have limited education.

question

Girls were not encouraged to receive the same education as boys in the mid 20th century mainly because of perceptions about their limited

answer

career options.

question

Since 1970, the proportion of American students who have completed high school has been about ___ percent.

answer

75

question

The modern era of inclusion for all students began when Congress passed a law banning discrimination on the basis of

answer

race or national origin

question

Edith Green stated that her basic motivation for sponsoring Title IX was to ensure

answer

equal opportunities for men and women in higher education.

question

Inappropriate special education placements commonly occur when

answer

student difficulties are labeled as disabilities.

question

A child who spoke only German in 1870s Milwaukee would probably have received what kind of schooling?

answer

German-language schooling

question

Which of the following best explains why bilingual education declined in the United States during the early twentieth century?

answer

More people considered it unacceptable.

question

Many U.S. schools are 80-year-old buildings with stairs, doorways, fixtures, and other features that creates obstacles for students in wheelchairs. Federal law requires that

answer

facilities pose the least restrictive environment possible.

question

Why does federal law require that parents be included on a special education student's diagnostic team?

answer

to involve parents in making decisions about their children's education

question

Which of the following is true about the position of parents regarding inclusion?

answer

Parents differ widely on inclusion decisions; there is little consensus.

question

Inappropriate special education placements commonly occur when

answer

student difficulties are labeled as disabilities.

question

In most American school districts, the predominant approach to special education is

answer

inclusion.

question

Aristotle based his approach to learning on

answer

observation and contemplation.

question

Learning from experience is a theme most closely associated with the educational philosophy of

answer

John Dewey.

question

In Paideia Proposal, Adler contends that the best way to ensure that all children receive a quality education is to

answer

teach everyone the same curriculum using the same standards.

question

The scholar bell hooks urges teachers to cross traditional boundaries. Which of the following best summarizes what this means?

answer

Address issues and ideas outside the curriculum.

question

All of the following are commonly used in B. F. Skinner's approach to teaching EXCEPT

answer

self-guided discovery.

question

In Vygotsky's theory, the practice of providing support and immediate feedback to the student learning a new skill, then gradually withdrawing the support, is called

answer

scaffolding.

question

Fundamental to Vygotsky's theory is that learning is a(n) ________ process.

answer

social

question

As a student, you struggled with algebra. A constructivist might say that you failed to

answer

find enough meaning in algebra.

question

School programs often convey mainstream values that may conflict with minority cultures. How can teachers best respond?

answer

Be continuously aware of culture as you teach.

question

Howard Gardner began the line of inquiry that led to his theory of multiple forms of intelligence because

answer

he felt the single-general-intelligence approach did not adequately model the real world.

question

Sasha is excellent at higher mathematics, while Enid is a gifted writer. In Gardner's theory,

answer

both are high in certain forms of intelligence.

question

Traditional schooling is believed to most strongly favor ________ learners.

answer

auditory

question

Which of the following best expresses why it is good for teachers to understand multiple learning styles and multiple forms of intelligence?

answer

One can more effectively teach students with varying needs.

question

In the words of Remillard and Houle, the form of curriculum that is the learning experience that actually occurs in the classroom is called the _________ curriculum.

answer

enacted

question

The first question in the Tyler rationale for curriculum development is about

answer

educational purposes.

question

The teacher confirms the success of curriculum by

answer

formal evaluation.

question

Elliot Eisner's criticism of the Tyler rationale is that, taken as a whole, it is too

answer

limited.

question

Some countries have education systems that place students in secondary schools based on career tracks

answer

science, professions, trade, and so on. Which of the four curricular schools of thought does this most closely align with? : developmentalists

question

A curriculum such as Adler's Paedeia Proposal, devoted to core subjects and great works, would most closely align with which of the four curricular schools of thought?

answer

humanists

question

Which of the following best illustrates the so-called hidden curriculum?

answer

values and biases that are unstated but ongoing

question

Influenced by groups such as the Physical Science Study Committee in the 1950s and 1960s, science instruction in U.S. schools began to place less emphasis on textbook learning and more emphasis on

answer

laboratory experiments.

question

One of the primary goals of multicultural education was to

answer

help eliminate discrimination.

question

Early in the multicultural education era, feminist groups criticized existing history books for their focus on ____________ history.

answer

political and military

question

The demand for multicultural education originated with

answer

interest groups.

question

A major criticism of multicultural education is that it might undermine the

answer

development of American identity.

question

Goals 2000 was adopted to provide local school districts with

answer

suggested long-term objectives.

question

The \"risk\" to America that was described in the 1983 report, A Nation at Risk, was

answer

a loss of global competitiveness and security.

question

To meet federal No Child Left Behind requirements, most states evaluate school progress against educational standards by examining

answer

test scores.

question

Schools have increased the time they devote to instruction in the courses that must be tested under federal law; most gain this extra time by

answer

trimming it from non-tested course time.

question

What is meant by the expression \"teaching to the test\"?

answer

Focusing the curriculum on producing strong standardized test scores

question

One of the primary goals of progressive education was to

answer

make schoolwork more relevant to students.

question

In John Dewey's philosophy, effective instruction should be put in the context of

answer

discovery.

question

In Vito Perrone's model of progressive schooling, curriculum needs to be connected to

answer

student interests.

question

Which of the following most clearly involves extrinsic motivation?

answer

Competing with other classes for an award

question

The jigsaw activity motivates students by making them

answer

learn and teach.

question

The need for effective classroom management is based on the rationale that

answer

the environment must be in control for learning to take place.

question

A basic premise behind the zero-tolerance approach to classroom management is that students

answer

must understand that they can choose rewards or punishments.

question

Which of the following is most important for teachers to maintain productive classrooms?

answer

preparation

question

Ross W. Greene assumes that students \"act out\" in class because they have

answer

unsolved problems.

question

To be most effective, teacher feedback on student tests and assignments should be

answer

detailed and timely.

question

Grading rubrics are used mainly to

answer

provide consistency and fairness.

question

As an assessment goes to higher levels in Bloom's taxonomy, the student must demonstrate

answer

deeper understanding.

question

Of the following, the most significant benefit of the increasing use of technology in classrooms is that it

answer

lends itself to exploration and discovery by students.

question

Seymour Papert argues that computers and technology are potentially very useful learning tools simply because

answer

students love them.

question

A federal study found that a weak point with most schools' approach to technology is that they spend too little on

answer

computer training.

question

Postman is most concerned about technology's impact on

answer

values.

question

Someone is most clearly using cyberbullying tactics against you when they post e-mail messages that

answer

attack or ridicule you.

question

Sherry Turkle would urge teachers to consider how computers affect

answer

students' thinking processes.

question

How does technology use in schools reinforce discrimination?

answer

By using constructs familiar to more well-off students

question

Of the following, the most sophisticated use of computers for learning is

answer

simulations and applications.

question

Gender stereotypes are strongly reinforced in

answer

video games.

question

It is easy to copy other people's work with a computer and claim it is your own; the best way to discourage this in your classes is to

answer

help students to understand why it is wrong.

question

A major factor in the adequacy of current teacher salaries is

answer

the local cost of living. Two-tiered teacher salary schedules persisted into the 20th century in order to pay less to women and minorities.

question

Of the following, the most significant disadvantage of tenure systems is that

answer

it is hard to remove ineffective teachers.

question

The NEA originated as an organization controlled by

answer

administrators and professors.

question

The status of U.S. teachers with regard to union membership is that________ are union members.

answer

most

question

Right-to-work laws, as applied to teachers, are intended to

answer

empower teachers' unions.

question

Teacher unions are perceived by some as barriers to educational reform because of the perception that

answer

bargaining agreements stifle innovation.

question

An important part of introducing innovative classroom methods is to

answer

gain early support from students, parents, and others.

question

The most significant of Adam Urbanski's proposals for reforming teacher unions is

answer

taking the lead in promoting educational excellence.

question

When 800 teachers were asked in 2005 to name their biggest challenges, the challenge most commonly mentioned was

answer

communicating with parents.

question

In her study of teacher isolation, Susan Moore Johnson concluded that most teachers want more

answer

independence.

question

Technology has had the greatest impact on teachers'

answer

access to resources.

question

Conflicts between teachers and administrators most commonly occur because of differing

answer

priorities.

question

The best time to build connections with parents is

answer

early in the school year.

question

A review of the research on the impact of class size on achievement indicates that

answer

there is no clear consensus in the research results.

question

Teachers in the Project STAR study in Tennessee concluded that

answer

smaller classes promoted better learning.

question

The results in Project STAR were measured by

answer

standardized test scores.

question

Proponents of using video games as learning experiences point to the ________ students develop for them.

answer

passion

question

One of the main reasons teacher tenure was introduced was to

answer

remove the influence of politics on teachers' job security.

question

The traditional way in which U.S. public schools put a first-year teacher on the job is to

answer

give the teacher full responsibility for the class from the first day

question

Which of the following resulted from the evolution of teaching into a women's profession?

answer

Teacher salary levels fell

question

The belief that teachers can make little difference in their students' lives is most commonly based on the assumption of

answer

outdated administrative rules.

question

Which of the following barriers to achievement are students from poor, immigrant families most likely to impose on themselves?

answer

low expectations

question

In Horace Mann's view, teachers must focus their efforts on

answer

student needs.

question

As graded schools evolved in the early twentieth century, the forces of specialization and standardization on teachers resulted in a

answer

growing demand for more highly skilled teachers.

question

A major factor that continues to create legal segregation in U.S. schools is

answer

economic background

question

The growing lack of ethnic diversity in U.S. public schools is considered a bad trend mainly because it produces

answer

substandard services for poor children.

question

Jerome Bruner's model of learning is a student interacting with information and the environment and making progress by means of

answer

growth

question

The early civil rights argument in favor of educational standards was based on the need to

answer

assess progress toward equality between schools.

question

Which of the following best illustrates negative motivation?

answer

Getting to class on time to avoid detention

question

In the early 20th century, teaching was often a patronage job, which meant that it

answer

was offered on the basis of political connections.

question

The United States federal government formally recognized the right of teachers to join unions in

answer

1961.

question

There is a growing trend in U.S. schools to provide additional support for first-year teachers in the form of

answer

Mentors

question

The \"From Teasing to Torment\" study found that the most common reason students are harassed in schools is because of their

answer

sexual orientation

question

Which of the following was the most significant effect of Title IX on vocational education in American schools?

answer

abolishment of stereotypes

question

Which of the following best summarizes the bilingual approach to schooling?

answer

teaching across the curriculum in the first language while also teaching students to speak English.

question

Piaget's stages are important to education because they indicate that

answer

children cannot learn before they are ready.

question

The learning style that learns best from reading is the ________ style.

answer

visual

question

The subject area that aroused the most disagreement over curricular standards was

answer

math

question

Dewey attributed students' resistance to schoolwork largely to

answer

the manner in which instruction was forced on them.

question

A high school social studies teacher has a habit of belittling his students in class. His students are most likely to respond by

answer

losing respect for him.

question

A major challenge to using technology for instruction is that

answer

teachers often still struggle to use it effectively.

question

Teacher compensation is better than that of most other professions in the area of

answer

pensions

question

Right-to-work laws, as applied to teachers, are intended to

answer

make union membership voluntary.

question

In her study of teacher isolation, Susan Moore Johnson concluded that most teachers want more

answer

collaboration

question

Deborah Meier's successes and leadership philosophy at Central Park East Secondary School were based on

answer

democratic decision making.

question

The California Supreme Court's Serrano vs. Priest decision in 1961 declared that unequal school funding violated the _____ clause of California's state constitution.

answer

equal protection

question

The U.S. Supreme Court defended the existing system of local school funding in a 1973 ruling. One of the major arguments in the majority opinion was that the Constitution does not protect ________ rights.

answer

educational

question

The argument that more equal school funding has led to better educational outcomes in New Jersey is based on

answer

improved test scores and graduation rates.

question

From the standpoint of fairness, the main problem with tracking or ability grouping in classes is that

answer

children tend to know how they are viewed.

question

Developmental psychologist G. Stanley Hall believed that high schools should

answer

recognize the vast ability differences between students.

question

John Dewey's opposition to vocational education was based on his view that it

answer

restricted personal development.

question

Schools that eliminate tracking in the curriculum are most effective when expectations are

answer

high for all students.

question

The number of students who drop out of high school each year in the United States is a little over

answer

1 million

question

Which of the following is the best predictor that a student will drop out of high school?

answer

poor attendance

question

Michelle Fine's research in the 1980s suggested that dropping out generally resulted from a feeling of

answer

exclusion.

question

Improving graduation rates in the nation's most troubled schools will require

answer

multiple intervention strategies.

question

The discrepancy in test scores between white and minority students is equivalent to

answer

three or four grade levels.

question

Self-segregation of African-American students is seen by Beverly Daniel Tatum as a means of

answer

social support.

question

The 2007 Supreme Court decision on voluntary desegregation stated that students could not be

answer

assigned to schools by race.

question

The highest-profile federal court decisions regarding schools have had to do with

answer

segregation and discrimination.

question

The Supreme Court's Tinker, et al. v. Des Moines decision was based on the constitutional guarantee of

answer

free speech rights.

question

The Supreme Court's Engel v. Vitale and Abington v. Schempp decisions meant that U.S. public schools could no longer offer

answer

prayers and devotions.

question

In the 1983 report, A Nation At Risk, the basic \"risk\" it described was the

answer

declining quality of public education.

question

The main purpose of the federal Race to the Top initiative is to

answer

improve educational outcomes.

question

Which of the following best describes the basic concept behind charter schools?

answer

To receive more flexibility in return for more accountability.

question

Under the No Child Left Behind law, what right is given to parents of children who attend a school that fails to make adequate yearly progress for two consecutive years?

answer

They can send their children to another, non-failing school in the district.

question

Which of the following best summarizes the goal of the accountability movement?

answer

Measurable gains in learning

question

Which of the following best describes the current status of the teaching of evolutionary theory in U.S. public schools?

answer

Most schools teach it, although in some places creationist theories must also be discussed.

question

Education is a political issue in most states because

answer

education policy is set by elected officials.

question

The entity responsible for governing a school district is a(n)

answer

school board.

question

In the United States, teacher licensure typically requires

answer

a bachelor's degree with specific courses in education.

question

The essence of democracy is

answer

active citizen participation.

question

What does the Constitution of the United States say about one's right to an education?

answer

It doesn't mention a right to education.

question

Thomas Jefferson's vision for education encompassed

answer

free white males.

question

Horace Mann's position on publicly funded schooling was that

answer

funding the schools was a citizenship duty.

question

Combining all of a community's children in the same schools was part of Horace Mann's vision of

answer

unifying all classes of people.

question

A group of free black citizens in Boston, Massachusetts, petitioned for an end to racial segregation in schools in

answer

1846

question

One reason that former slaves in the post-Civil War South were eager for education was that they wanted

answer

to be more free.

question

One of Dewey's distinctive contributions to the notion of schools as essential to democracy was his insistence that

answer

schools needed to model the goals of a democratic society.

question

The journal Rethinking Schools has become an important voice in the educational community to promote the schools' role in

answer

improving society.

question

The hallmark of Lisa Delpit's approach to progressive education is

answer

respect for all.

question

\"External things that make for a good education,\" which are not evenly distributed in the United States, are understood to include

answer

engaged parents.

question

Harlem's Promise Academy produces exceptional results with underprivileged students by emphasizing

answer

self-discipline.

question

The licensing of teachers is done to

answer

establish their qualifications.

question

The actual hiring of teachers is typically carried out by

answer

administrators in individual districts.

question

Most teachers qualify for state licensing by

answer

getting a college degree in education.

question

The curricula for schools of education in U.S. colleges and universities are largely established in conformance with

answer

state and accrediting agency requirements.

question

The best reason to obtain multiple teaching licenses is to

answer

qualify for more positions.

question

Some states allow people to become teachers through \"alternative routes\" because of

answer

a high need for teachers in certain areas.

question

Required state teacher examinations were re-introduced in most states during the 1990s as part of the

answer

quality/accountability movement.

question

When you apply for a teaching job, you may be asked for a statement of your philosophy of education to assess your

answer

fit for the position.

question

In your teaching portfolio, you will typically present your teaching philosophy in a

answer

reflective statement.

question

The best new teacher induction programs emphasize

answer

community enculturation.

question

The best way to avoid burnout and attrition is to

answer

collaborate with like-minded teachers.

question

The major purpose of creating a Personal Learning Network is to

answer

gather resources to enhance and enrich your continuous learning.

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